UNL PSYC 387 Exam-Questions with Complete
Solutions
Personality judgments in daily life
Affect the opportunities that people are given
Based on the four moderators of accuracy, it can be concluded that
Information quality will be high in weak and relevant situations
The RAM
Is useful for explaining how accurate judgments of personality are possible
Explains how to achieve or improve accuracy in our personality judgments
Four Stages of the RAM:
Relevance (the target has to act in a way that reflects their real personality - outward actions
must truly reflect inward personality)
Availability (you have to be there to see the target do the action)
Detection (you have to pick up on what happened)
Utilization (you have to use this information to make a judgment about the target)
A researcher who is interested in the construct of cooperativeness and wants to discover
what this trait is able to predict should use the
Single-trait approach
,Which of the Big Five traits is the best predictor of relationship problems, criminal
behavior, and mental illness?
Neuroticism
The Typological approach is
Useful because it is a way to summarize many findings
The research methods used to study the brain
Make it possible to observe which parts of the brain are most active
The frontal lobes and neocortex (higher-level brain functions) seem to play a role in
Social understanding and self-control
Emotions and decision-making
How people respond to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli
The chemical that is released in response to stress and prepares the body for fight-or-flight
is
Epinephrine
What is non-shared environment? Give an example.
A situation that is unique to you and not to your biological relatives
Everything that's not heredity or shared environment
, I have my own friends, my own school, and my own activities that my family doesn't have, so
these are my non-shared environments
If an alien is zapping just you and influencing your characteristics
Your siblings share 50% of your genes and are part of your shared home environment
If identical twins and fraternal twins are the same, what does this say about the role of
genes in individual differences?
It's the shared environment that plays a larger role in their similarity, not genes, because
otherwise the identical twins would be more similar to each other than the fraternal twins - this
suggests a low role of genes in individual differences
If separated identical twins are the same, then genetics plays a major role and environment plays
a low role
If adopted children share many of the same characteristics as their siblings, then heredity plays a
low role and shared environment plays a major role
What is the gold standard? Why?
Identical twins raised in different families - disentangles the effects of genes and environment
Common problem: people who share the same genes often share the same environment, so is
Solutions
Personality judgments in daily life
Affect the opportunities that people are given
Based on the four moderators of accuracy, it can be concluded that
Information quality will be high in weak and relevant situations
The RAM
Is useful for explaining how accurate judgments of personality are possible
Explains how to achieve or improve accuracy in our personality judgments
Four Stages of the RAM:
Relevance (the target has to act in a way that reflects their real personality - outward actions
must truly reflect inward personality)
Availability (you have to be there to see the target do the action)
Detection (you have to pick up on what happened)
Utilization (you have to use this information to make a judgment about the target)
A researcher who is interested in the construct of cooperativeness and wants to discover
what this trait is able to predict should use the
Single-trait approach
,Which of the Big Five traits is the best predictor of relationship problems, criminal
behavior, and mental illness?
Neuroticism
The Typological approach is
Useful because it is a way to summarize many findings
The research methods used to study the brain
Make it possible to observe which parts of the brain are most active
The frontal lobes and neocortex (higher-level brain functions) seem to play a role in
Social understanding and self-control
Emotions and decision-making
How people respond to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli
The chemical that is released in response to stress and prepares the body for fight-or-flight
is
Epinephrine
What is non-shared environment? Give an example.
A situation that is unique to you and not to your biological relatives
Everything that's not heredity or shared environment
, I have my own friends, my own school, and my own activities that my family doesn't have, so
these are my non-shared environments
If an alien is zapping just you and influencing your characteristics
Your siblings share 50% of your genes and are part of your shared home environment
If identical twins and fraternal twins are the same, what does this say about the role of
genes in individual differences?
It's the shared environment that plays a larger role in their similarity, not genes, because
otherwise the identical twins would be more similar to each other than the fraternal twins - this
suggests a low role of genes in individual differences
If separated identical twins are the same, then genetics plays a major role and environment plays
a low role
If adopted children share many of the same characteristics as their siblings, then heredity plays a
low role and shared environment plays a major role
What is the gold standard? Why?
Identical twins raised in different families - disentangles the effects of genes and environment
Common problem: people who share the same genes often share the same environment, so is
