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NUR 1020C Exam 1 Study Guide (Term
1) certified exam Questions And
Answers 2026
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - correct-answer -The nurse's understanding of
these factors helps with formulating nursing diagnoses that address the patient's
needs and values. Needs at the lower levels of the pyramid-shaped hierarchy must
be met before needs at higher levels are addressed.
Florence Nightingale (1860) - correct-answer -Concept of the environment
emphasized prevention and clean air, water, and housing.
- Her nursing theoretical work discussed environmental adaptation with
appropriate noise levels, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, hope, nutrition, and
conservation of patient energy.
Which two nurses emerged during the civil war? - correct-answer -Dorthea Dix
and Clara Barton.
Dorthea Dix - correct-answer -Head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a
forerunner of the Army Nurse Corps.
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Clara Barton - correct-answer -Established the Red Cross.
Linda Richards - correct-answer -America's first trained nurse, graduating from
Boston's Women's Hospital in 1873.
Lena Higbee - correct-answer -Superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps, was
awarded the Navy Cross in 1918.
Hildegard Peplau (1952) - correct-answer -Focused on the roles played by the
nurse and the interpersonal process between a nurse and a patient.
- The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation; (2)
working, consisting of two subphases—identification and exploitation; and (3)
resolution.
Virginia Henderson (1966) - correct-answer -Had 14 components, based on
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs from the physiologic, psychological,
sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental domains.
- She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person),
supplementary (helping the person), or complementary (working with the
person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the patient.
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Martha Rogers (1970) - correct-answer -Stated that human beings and their
environments are interacting in continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
- The model includes four dimensions: energy fields, openness, patterns and
organizations, and dimensionality.
Sister Callista Roy's (1970) - correct-answer -Adaptation Model is based on the
human being as an adaptive open system.
- The person adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive
self-concept-group identity, performing social role functions, and balancing
dependence and independence.
Dorothea Orem - correct-answer -Three interrelated theories of self-care, self-care
deficit, and nursing systems constitute Dorothea Orem's (1971) Self-Care Deficit
Theory of Nursing.
- A self-care deficit exists when patients are unable to meet their self-care needs.
Nursing systems care for patients who require assistance in one of three
categories: (1) wholly compensatory, (2) partly compensatory, or (3) supportive-
educative.
- The goal of nursing care is to help patients perform self-care by increasing their
independence.
NUR 1020C Exam 1 Study Guide (Term
1) certified exam Questions And
Answers 2026
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - correct-answer -The nurse's understanding of
these factors helps with formulating nursing diagnoses that address the patient's
needs and values. Needs at the lower levels of the pyramid-shaped hierarchy must
be met before needs at higher levels are addressed.
Florence Nightingale (1860) - correct-answer -Concept of the environment
emphasized prevention and clean air, water, and housing.
- Her nursing theoretical work discussed environmental adaptation with
appropriate noise levels, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, hope, nutrition, and
conservation of patient energy.
Which two nurses emerged during the civil war? - correct-answer -Dorthea Dix
and Clara Barton.
Dorthea Dix - correct-answer -Head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a
forerunner of the Army Nurse Corps.
,2|Page
Clara Barton - correct-answer -Established the Red Cross.
Linda Richards - correct-answer -America's first trained nurse, graduating from
Boston's Women's Hospital in 1873.
Lena Higbee - correct-answer -Superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps, was
awarded the Navy Cross in 1918.
Hildegard Peplau (1952) - correct-answer -Focused on the roles played by the
nurse and the interpersonal process between a nurse and a patient.
- The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation; (2)
working, consisting of two subphases—identification and exploitation; and (3)
resolution.
Virginia Henderson (1966) - correct-answer -Had 14 components, based on
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs from the physiologic, psychological,
sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental domains.
- She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person),
supplementary (helping the person), or complementary (working with the
person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the patient.
, 3|Page
Martha Rogers (1970) - correct-answer -Stated that human beings and their
environments are interacting in continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
- The model includes four dimensions: energy fields, openness, patterns and
organizations, and dimensionality.
Sister Callista Roy's (1970) - correct-answer -Adaptation Model is based on the
human being as an adaptive open system.
- The person adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive
self-concept-group identity, performing social role functions, and balancing
dependence and independence.
Dorothea Orem - correct-answer -Three interrelated theories of self-care, self-care
deficit, and nursing systems constitute Dorothea Orem's (1971) Self-Care Deficit
Theory of Nursing.
- A self-care deficit exists when patients are unable to meet their self-care needs.
Nursing systems care for patients who require assistance in one of three
categories: (1) wholly compensatory, (2) partly compensatory, or (3) supportive-
educative.
- The goal of nursing care is to help patients perform self-care by increasing their
independence.
