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ATI Capstone - Medical Surgical 2026
Latest Questions and Answers (100%
Expert Answers) A+
Angiogram [ Ans: ] Diagnostic test using dye and X-ray to visualize blood
vessels.
Atherectomy [ Ans: ] Breaks up and removes plaque from coronary
arteries.
Stent Placement [ Ans: ] Wire mesh inserted to hold a vessel open.
Angioplasty (PTCA) [ Ans: ] Widening of a coronary vessel with a balloon
or stent.
Invasive Cardiac Procedure Nursing Care [ Ans: ] Monitor for perforation,
embolus, re-occlusion; check VS, chest pain, catheter site; use IV
© 2026
nitroglycerin; encourage fluids (if not contraindicated); give
anticoagulants; hold Metformin 24 hr pre- and 48 hr post-procedure.
Temporary Pacemaker [ Ans: ] Clean skin (no alcohol), proper pad
placement, avoid breast tissue, no BP on L arm, analgesics as needed.
Permanent Pacemaker [ Ans: ] Leads via cephalic/subclavian vein to R
heart; limit arm movement 4-6 weeks; report dizziness, swelling, SOB.
Stable Angina [ Ans: ] Predictable chest pain with exertion, relieved by
rest or nitro.
Unstable Angina [ Ans: ] Unpredictable pain, occurs at rest, may precede
MI.
Prinzmetal's Angina [ Ans: ] Coronary vasospasm causing variable chest
pain.
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Angina Nursing Care [ Ans: ] Monitor VS, pain, O₂, EKG; bed rest; IV
access.
Nitroglycerin/Isosorbide Use [ Ans: ] Vasodilation ↓ preload/afterload
and myocardial O₂ demand. SL Nitro 1 tab q5 min ×3 → sit down first.
Patches for prevention.
Nitro Contraindications/S.E. [ Ans: ] Hypotension, ED drugs, ↑ ICP;
monitor for headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension.
Myocardial Infarction (MI) Diagnostics [ Ans: ] ↑ Troponin > 0.4 ng/mL, ↑
CK-MB, EKG ST changes (STEMI/NSTEMI).
MI Signs/Symptoms [ Ans: ] Chest/jaw/arm/back pain, SOB, diaphoresis,
doom, pallor, dysrhythmias.
MI Nursing Care [ Ans: ] VS q5 min→q1 hr; O₂ 2-4 L; IV; semi-Fowler's;
rest; morphine; NTG; metoprolol; alteplase/reteplase; aspirin.
© 2026
Heart Failure Types [ Ans: ] Chronic = gradual; Acute = sudden.
Heart Failure Meds [ Ans: ] Digoxin, diuretic, ACE -pril, beta -lol,
vasodilator.
Heart Failure Nursing Care [ Ans: ] Assess CV/respiratory; daily weights;
I&O; low-salt diet; avoid caffeine.
Valvular Disease Treatment [ Ans: ] Balloon valvuloplasty or valve
replacement (porcine/bovine/human/mechanical). Mechanical = lifelong
anticoagulation.
Aneurysm Pre-Op Care [ Ans: ] Maintain SBP 100-120; VS q15 min;
monitor circulation, UO ≥ 30 mL/hr.
Aneurysm Post-Op Care [ Ans: ] Check distal pulses, kidney perfusion,
pain, rhythm, VS q15 min.
ATI Capstone - Medical Surgical 2026
Latest Questions and Answers (100%
Expert Answers) A+
Angiogram [ Ans: ] Diagnostic test using dye and X-ray to visualize blood
vessels.
Atherectomy [ Ans: ] Breaks up and removes plaque from coronary
arteries.
Stent Placement [ Ans: ] Wire mesh inserted to hold a vessel open.
Angioplasty (PTCA) [ Ans: ] Widening of a coronary vessel with a balloon
or stent.
Invasive Cardiac Procedure Nursing Care [ Ans: ] Monitor for perforation,
embolus, re-occlusion; check VS, chest pain, catheter site; use IV
© 2026
nitroglycerin; encourage fluids (if not contraindicated); give
anticoagulants; hold Metformin 24 hr pre- and 48 hr post-procedure.
Temporary Pacemaker [ Ans: ] Clean skin (no alcohol), proper pad
placement, avoid breast tissue, no BP on L arm, analgesics as needed.
Permanent Pacemaker [ Ans: ] Leads via cephalic/subclavian vein to R
heart; limit arm movement 4-6 weeks; report dizziness, swelling, SOB.
Stable Angina [ Ans: ] Predictable chest pain with exertion, relieved by
rest or nitro.
Unstable Angina [ Ans: ] Unpredictable pain, occurs at rest, may precede
MI.
Prinzmetal's Angina [ Ans: ] Coronary vasospasm causing variable chest
pain.
, 2
Angina Nursing Care [ Ans: ] Monitor VS, pain, O₂, EKG; bed rest; IV
access.
Nitroglycerin/Isosorbide Use [ Ans: ] Vasodilation ↓ preload/afterload
and myocardial O₂ demand. SL Nitro 1 tab q5 min ×3 → sit down first.
Patches for prevention.
Nitro Contraindications/S.E. [ Ans: ] Hypotension, ED drugs, ↑ ICP;
monitor for headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension.
Myocardial Infarction (MI) Diagnostics [ Ans: ] ↑ Troponin > 0.4 ng/mL, ↑
CK-MB, EKG ST changes (STEMI/NSTEMI).
MI Signs/Symptoms [ Ans: ] Chest/jaw/arm/back pain, SOB, diaphoresis,
doom, pallor, dysrhythmias.
MI Nursing Care [ Ans: ] VS q5 min→q1 hr; O₂ 2-4 L; IV; semi-Fowler's;
rest; morphine; NTG; metoprolol; alteplase/reteplase; aspirin.
© 2026
Heart Failure Types [ Ans: ] Chronic = gradual; Acute = sudden.
Heart Failure Meds [ Ans: ] Digoxin, diuretic, ACE -pril, beta -lol,
vasodilator.
Heart Failure Nursing Care [ Ans: ] Assess CV/respiratory; daily weights;
I&O; low-salt diet; avoid caffeine.
Valvular Disease Treatment [ Ans: ] Balloon valvuloplasty or valve
replacement (porcine/bovine/human/mechanical). Mechanical = lifelong
anticoagulation.
Aneurysm Pre-Op Care [ Ans: ] Maintain SBP 100-120; VS q15 min;
monitor circulation, UO ≥ 30 mL/hr.
Aneurysm Post-Op Care [ Ans: ] Check distal pulses, kidney perfusion,
pain, rhythm, VS q15 min.
