NFPA 1031 2026 FINAL PAPER EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ flammable liquid. Answer: Any liquid having a flash point below
100F (37.8*C) and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi absolute.
◉ vapor pressure. Answer: 1) measure of the tendency of a
substance to evaporate
2) pressure at which a vapor is in equillibrium with its liquid phase
for a given temperature; liquids that have agreater tendency to
evaporate have a higher vapor pressure for a given temp
◉ flash point. Answer: Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives
off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near the
liquid's surface.
◉ fire point. Answer: Temperature at which a liquid fuel produces
sufficient vapors to support combustion once the fuel is ignited. The
fire point is usually a few degrees above the flash point.
◉ solubility. Answer: degree to which a solid, liquid or gas dissolves
in a solvent
,◉ miscible. Answer: materials that are capable of being mixed in all
proportions
◉ flammable range. Answer: The range between the upper
flammable limit and lower flammable limit in which a substance can
be ignited.
◉ lower flammable limit. Answer: Lower limit at which a flammable
gas or vapor will ignite and support combustion
Below this limit, it is too lean or thin to burn
◉ upper flammable limit. Answer: upper limit at which a flammable
gas or vapor will ignite, above this limit it is too rich to burn
◉ free radicals. Answer: molecular fragments that are highly
reactive
◉ chemical flame inhibition. Answer: extinguishment of a fire by
interruption of the chemical chain reaction
◉ saponification. Answer: A phenomenon that occurs when
mixtures of alkaline based chemicals and certain cooking oils come
into contact resulting in the formation of a soapy film.
, ◉ fuel load. Answer: The total quantity of combustible contents of a
building, space, or fire area, including interior finish and trim,
expressed in heat units of the equivalent weight in wood.
◉ incipient stage. Answer: First stage of the burning process in a
compartment in which the substance being oxidized is producing
some heat, but the heat has not spread to other substances nearby.
During this phase, the oxygen content of the air has not been
significantly reduced and the temperature within the compartment
is not significantly higher than ambient temperature.
◉ plume. Answer: The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke rising
above a fire; also called convection column, thermal updraft, or
thermal column.
◉ ceiling jet. Answer: A relatively thin layer of flowing hot gases that
develops under a horizontal surface (e.g., ceiling) as a result of
plume impingement and the flowing gas being forced to move
horizontally.
◉ thermal layering. Answer: Outcome of combustion in a confined
space in which gases tend to form into layers, according to
temperature, with the hottest gases found at the ceiling and the
coolest gases at floor level.
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ flammable liquid. Answer: Any liquid having a flash point below
100F (37.8*C) and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi absolute.
◉ vapor pressure. Answer: 1) measure of the tendency of a
substance to evaporate
2) pressure at which a vapor is in equillibrium with its liquid phase
for a given temperature; liquids that have agreater tendency to
evaporate have a higher vapor pressure for a given temp
◉ flash point. Answer: Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives
off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near the
liquid's surface.
◉ fire point. Answer: Temperature at which a liquid fuel produces
sufficient vapors to support combustion once the fuel is ignited. The
fire point is usually a few degrees above the flash point.
◉ solubility. Answer: degree to which a solid, liquid or gas dissolves
in a solvent
,◉ miscible. Answer: materials that are capable of being mixed in all
proportions
◉ flammable range. Answer: The range between the upper
flammable limit and lower flammable limit in which a substance can
be ignited.
◉ lower flammable limit. Answer: Lower limit at which a flammable
gas or vapor will ignite and support combustion
Below this limit, it is too lean or thin to burn
◉ upper flammable limit. Answer: upper limit at which a flammable
gas or vapor will ignite, above this limit it is too rich to burn
◉ free radicals. Answer: molecular fragments that are highly
reactive
◉ chemical flame inhibition. Answer: extinguishment of a fire by
interruption of the chemical chain reaction
◉ saponification. Answer: A phenomenon that occurs when
mixtures of alkaline based chemicals and certain cooking oils come
into contact resulting in the formation of a soapy film.
, ◉ fuel load. Answer: The total quantity of combustible contents of a
building, space, or fire area, including interior finish and trim,
expressed in heat units of the equivalent weight in wood.
◉ incipient stage. Answer: First stage of the burning process in a
compartment in which the substance being oxidized is producing
some heat, but the heat has not spread to other substances nearby.
During this phase, the oxygen content of the air has not been
significantly reduced and the temperature within the compartment
is not significantly higher than ambient temperature.
◉ plume. Answer: The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke rising
above a fire; also called convection column, thermal updraft, or
thermal column.
◉ ceiling jet. Answer: A relatively thin layer of flowing hot gases that
develops under a horizontal surface (e.g., ceiling) as a result of
plume impingement and the flowing gas being forced to move
horizontally.
◉ thermal layering. Answer: Outcome of combustion in a confined
space in which gases tend to form into layers, according to
temperature, with the hottest gases found at the ceiling and the
coolest gases at floor level.
