NR283 Exam 1 (week 2) Chamberlain
questions & answers 2025/2026
what are the 7 steps of inflammation? - ANS ✔✔- injury
- vasoconstriction
- dead cells release cell components
- mast cell degranulation (when a mast cell releases its chemical mediators)
- vasodilation, increased capillary permeability
- WBC infiltrate
- phagocytosis
what is inflammation? - ANS ✔✔the body's non-specific response to tissue injury
what is the purpose of inflammation? - ANS ✔✔- phagocytosis of foreign materials
- defense
- cleanup
- triggered WITH the specific immune response
s/s of local inflammation - ANS ✔✔- redness and heat (vasodilation)
- edema and pain (increased fluid/exudate)
s/s of systemic inflammation - ANS ✔✔- fever (caused by hypothalamus)
- leukocytosis (increased WBC count)x
Bradykinin function - ANS ✔✔- PAIN
,- vasodilation (allows WBC to go to injury site)
prostaglandin function - ANS ✔✔- FEVER
- helps with producing pain
chemotatic factors function - ANS ✔✔- GPS pin that tells WBC where the injury site is
Histamine function - ANS ✔✔- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- FIRST and BEST
leukotrines function - ANS ✔✔- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- 2nd backup
neutrophils - ANS ✔✔- first responder
- most prevalent
macrophages - ANS ✔✔- mature at the site if infection
- primary phagocytes
mast cells - ANS ✔✔- holds chemicals
- degranulation to release chemicals
platelets - ANS ✔✔- stops bleeding
- isolate infection (sticks around infection site to contain it)
, clotting cascade - ANS ✔✔- fibrin strands (platelets and fibrin needed for clots)
- plasma proteins made by the liver are used in this process
Kinin system cascade - ANS ✔✔- uses bradykinin
- initiates pain
complement system cascade - ANS ✔✔- uses C1-C9 proteins
- fights bacteria (punches holes in cell wall)
characteristics of chronic inflammation - ANS ✔✔- BAD: inflammatory chemicals cause damage
after too long
- decreased swelling occurs- capillary bed blocked
- increased leukocytes and fibroblasts (scar tissue)
- tissue damage
- impaired cell replication
- increased risk of injury, disease, death
example of prolonged acute inflammation - ANS ✔✔- sprained ankle
- never went to physical therapy
- still dealing with it
example of chronic inflammation - ANS ✔✔- smoking daily
- kills cells, which then regrow
- leads to cancer from the excessive regrowth of cells (higher chance of mutation)
questions & answers 2025/2026
what are the 7 steps of inflammation? - ANS ✔✔- injury
- vasoconstriction
- dead cells release cell components
- mast cell degranulation (when a mast cell releases its chemical mediators)
- vasodilation, increased capillary permeability
- WBC infiltrate
- phagocytosis
what is inflammation? - ANS ✔✔the body's non-specific response to tissue injury
what is the purpose of inflammation? - ANS ✔✔- phagocytosis of foreign materials
- defense
- cleanup
- triggered WITH the specific immune response
s/s of local inflammation - ANS ✔✔- redness and heat (vasodilation)
- edema and pain (increased fluid/exudate)
s/s of systemic inflammation - ANS ✔✔- fever (caused by hypothalamus)
- leukocytosis (increased WBC count)x
Bradykinin function - ANS ✔✔- PAIN
,- vasodilation (allows WBC to go to injury site)
prostaglandin function - ANS ✔✔- FEVER
- helps with producing pain
chemotatic factors function - ANS ✔✔- GPS pin that tells WBC where the injury site is
Histamine function - ANS ✔✔- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- FIRST and BEST
leukotrines function - ANS ✔✔- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- 2nd backup
neutrophils - ANS ✔✔- first responder
- most prevalent
macrophages - ANS ✔✔- mature at the site if infection
- primary phagocytes
mast cells - ANS ✔✔- holds chemicals
- degranulation to release chemicals
platelets - ANS ✔✔- stops bleeding
- isolate infection (sticks around infection site to contain it)
, clotting cascade - ANS ✔✔- fibrin strands (platelets and fibrin needed for clots)
- plasma proteins made by the liver are used in this process
Kinin system cascade - ANS ✔✔- uses bradykinin
- initiates pain
complement system cascade - ANS ✔✔- uses C1-C9 proteins
- fights bacteria (punches holes in cell wall)
characteristics of chronic inflammation - ANS ✔✔- BAD: inflammatory chemicals cause damage
after too long
- decreased swelling occurs- capillary bed blocked
- increased leukocytes and fibroblasts (scar tissue)
- tissue damage
- impaired cell replication
- increased risk of injury, disease, death
example of prolonged acute inflammation - ANS ✔✔- sprained ankle
- never went to physical therapy
- still dealing with it
example of chronic inflammation - ANS ✔✔- smoking daily
- kills cells, which then regrow
- leads to cancer from the excessive regrowth of cells (higher chance of mutation)
