MDC 3 Exam 2 – EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
*CSF contains glucose and will test positive in a dip test for glucose, it will also have a yellow
halo when dried on a white piece of filter paper
Nasal Fractures interventions - ANSWER -Primary health care provider will perform a closed
reduction (realigns by palpating) within first 24 because it's usually too swollen after that
-Nursing care focuses on pain management and cold compresses to decrease swelling
Nasal Fractures causes - ANSWER -Often result from injury
-If bone or cartilage is not displaced, complications not present, treatment may not be needed
-If there is displacement. There is potential for airway obstruction and infection
Facial trauma assessment - ANSWER *Priority assessment is airway assessment for gas
exchange
-Signs of airway obstruction include stridor, SOB, dyspnea, anxiety, hypoxia, hypercarbia
(elevated levels of CO2), decreased o2 saturation, cyanosis, LOS
-After assessing/establishing airway, assess trauma site for bleeding and obvious fractures,
check for soft tissue edema facial asymmetry, leakage of spinal fluid through ears and/or nose
(indicating a skull fracture)
-Assess vision, and eye movement (orbital and maxillary fractures can entrap the eye nerves
and muscles)
-Check behind ears (mastoid area) for extensive bruising (known as battle sign) which is often
associated with skull fracture and brain trauma
,-Facial trauma may occur with spinal trauma and skull fracture, CT, facial series, and cervical
spine x-ray may be obtained
Facial trauma scans - ANSWER CT, facial series, and cervical spine x-ray may be obtained
Facial trauma interventions - ANSWER *Priority assessment is airway assessment for gas
exchange
-Anticipate need for emergency intubation, tracheostomy, cricothyroidotomy
-Controlling hemorrhage and assess extent of injury, time is critical, early response and
treatment optimizes recovery
-If shock is present, fluid resuscitation and identification of bleeding sites are started
immediately
-Stabilizing the jaw allows the teeth to heal in proper alignment and involves fixed occlusion for
6-10 weeks
-Extensive jaw fractures may require open reduction with internal fixation
Facial trauma Intermaxillary fixation - ANSWER -bones are realigned and then wired in place
to keep the bite closed
-Teach pt about oral care with an irrigating device, dental liquid diet
-Teach pt to keep a pair of wire cutters with them in case of vomiting, If they vomit, they need
to cut the wires to allow ejection of emesis
Cerebral Spinal Fluid - causes, assessment, interventions - ANSWER -Blood or clear fluid
(cerebrospinal fluid) rarely drains from one or both nares following a simple nasal fracture. If
present, it indicates a serious injury such as a skull fracture
-CSF contains glucose and will test positive in a dip test for glucose, it will also have a yellow
halo when dried on a white piece of filter paper
,COPD assessment emphysema - ANSWER -Loss of elasticity and hyperinflation resulting in
dyspnea, reduced gas exchange, and need for increased respiratory effects
-Diaphragm becomes flattened, breathing starts to require accessory muscles to inhale and
exhale
-Air hunger sensation
-Carbon dioxide is produced faster than it can be eliminated, resulting in co2 retention and
chronic respiratory acidosis
COPD assessment chronic bronchitis - ANSWER -Inflammation of the bronchi and
bronchioles caused by exposure to irritants, especially cigarette smoke
-Affects only the airways, not the alveoli
-The chronic inflammation increases the number and size of mucus-secreting glands, causing an
increase in mucus production
-Causes hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis
COPD assessment - ANSWER -Ask about age, gender, occupational history, family history
-Most often seen in older men
-Some types of emphysema occurs in families, especially those who are AATI deficient
-Smokers usually have a productive cough in the morning, non-smokers do not
-Assess any cough, sputum color, amount produced, and time during the day when it is worse
-Breathing may be worse when lying down (orthopnea)
-Unexpected weight loss is likely when COPD has progresses
COPD physical assessment - ANSWER -Loss of muscle mass in extremities
-Neck muscles may be enlarged
-Pt often sits in a forward-bending posture with arms held forward, position known as
orthopneic or tripod position
-Changes in chest size and fatigue
, -Patients with respiratory muscle fatigue breaths with rapid, shallow breath and may have an
abnormal breathing pattern. Their abdominal wall is sucked in during inspirations and they may
use accessory muscles in abdomen or neck
-Assess for clubbed fingers
-Prolonged respiratory acidosis can cause metabolic alkalosis
COPD acute exacerbations - ANSWER -Resp rate could be as high as 40-50 breaths per
minute and requires immediate medical attention
-Has respiratory muscles become fatigued, respiratory movement is jerky and appears
uncoordinated.
-Check for retractions and asymmetric chest expansion.
-The patient with emphysema will have limited diaphragmatic movement because diaphragm is
flattened and below its usual resting state
COPD interventions - ANSWER -Improve gas exchange
-Teach breathing management such as airway management, breathing techniques, effective
coughing, oxygen therapy, exercise conditioning, suctioning, hydration, use of a vibratory
positive pressure device, adhering to drug therapy
-Consultation with dietitian
-Teach stress management techniques and ways to stay calm during acute dyspneic episodes
-Teach to avoid crowds to prevent getting sick. -Vaccinate for pneumonia, influenza
-Assess ABG levels
COPD plan of care - ANSWER -Non-serg management focuses on airway maintenance,
monitoring, breathing techniques, positioning, effective coughing, oxygen therapy exercise
coordination, suctioning, hydration, and use of vibration devices
-Teach pt how to be a partner in their plan of care
-Before any interventions, assess breathing rate, rhythm, depth, and use of accessory muscles
-Oxygen flow rate between 2 and 4 L per minute with Target percentage between 88 and 92
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
*CSF contains glucose and will test positive in a dip test for glucose, it will also have a yellow
halo when dried on a white piece of filter paper
Nasal Fractures interventions - ANSWER -Primary health care provider will perform a closed
reduction (realigns by palpating) within first 24 because it's usually too swollen after that
-Nursing care focuses on pain management and cold compresses to decrease swelling
Nasal Fractures causes - ANSWER -Often result from injury
-If bone or cartilage is not displaced, complications not present, treatment may not be needed
-If there is displacement. There is potential for airway obstruction and infection
Facial trauma assessment - ANSWER *Priority assessment is airway assessment for gas
exchange
-Signs of airway obstruction include stridor, SOB, dyspnea, anxiety, hypoxia, hypercarbia
(elevated levels of CO2), decreased o2 saturation, cyanosis, LOS
-After assessing/establishing airway, assess trauma site for bleeding and obvious fractures,
check for soft tissue edema facial asymmetry, leakage of spinal fluid through ears and/or nose
(indicating a skull fracture)
-Assess vision, and eye movement (orbital and maxillary fractures can entrap the eye nerves
and muscles)
-Check behind ears (mastoid area) for extensive bruising (known as battle sign) which is often
associated with skull fracture and brain trauma
,-Facial trauma may occur with spinal trauma and skull fracture, CT, facial series, and cervical
spine x-ray may be obtained
Facial trauma scans - ANSWER CT, facial series, and cervical spine x-ray may be obtained
Facial trauma interventions - ANSWER *Priority assessment is airway assessment for gas
exchange
-Anticipate need for emergency intubation, tracheostomy, cricothyroidotomy
-Controlling hemorrhage and assess extent of injury, time is critical, early response and
treatment optimizes recovery
-If shock is present, fluid resuscitation and identification of bleeding sites are started
immediately
-Stabilizing the jaw allows the teeth to heal in proper alignment and involves fixed occlusion for
6-10 weeks
-Extensive jaw fractures may require open reduction with internal fixation
Facial trauma Intermaxillary fixation - ANSWER -bones are realigned and then wired in place
to keep the bite closed
-Teach pt about oral care with an irrigating device, dental liquid diet
-Teach pt to keep a pair of wire cutters with them in case of vomiting, If they vomit, they need
to cut the wires to allow ejection of emesis
Cerebral Spinal Fluid - causes, assessment, interventions - ANSWER -Blood or clear fluid
(cerebrospinal fluid) rarely drains from one or both nares following a simple nasal fracture. If
present, it indicates a serious injury such as a skull fracture
-CSF contains glucose and will test positive in a dip test for glucose, it will also have a yellow
halo when dried on a white piece of filter paper
,COPD assessment emphysema - ANSWER -Loss of elasticity and hyperinflation resulting in
dyspnea, reduced gas exchange, and need for increased respiratory effects
-Diaphragm becomes flattened, breathing starts to require accessory muscles to inhale and
exhale
-Air hunger sensation
-Carbon dioxide is produced faster than it can be eliminated, resulting in co2 retention and
chronic respiratory acidosis
COPD assessment chronic bronchitis - ANSWER -Inflammation of the bronchi and
bronchioles caused by exposure to irritants, especially cigarette smoke
-Affects only the airways, not the alveoli
-The chronic inflammation increases the number and size of mucus-secreting glands, causing an
increase in mucus production
-Causes hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis
COPD assessment - ANSWER -Ask about age, gender, occupational history, family history
-Most often seen in older men
-Some types of emphysema occurs in families, especially those who are AATI deficient
-Smokers usually have a productive cough in the morning, non-smokers do not
-Assess any cough, sputum color, amount produced, and time during the day when it is worse
-Breathing may be worse when lying down (orthopnea)
-Unexpected weight loss is likely when COPD has progresses
COPD physical assessment - ANSWER -Loss of muscle mass in extremities
-Neck muscles may be enlarged
-Pt often sits in a forward-bending posture with arms held forward, position known as
orthopneic or tripod position
-Changes in chest size and fatigue
, -Patients with respiratory muscle fatigue breaths with rapid, shallow breath and may have an
abnormal breathing pattern. Their abdominal wall is sucked in during inspirations and they may
use accessory muscles in abdomen or neck
-Assess for clubbed fingers
-Prolonged respiratory acidosis can cause metabolic alkalosis
COPD acute exacerbations - ANSWER -Resp rate could be as high as 40-50 breaths per
minute and requires immediate medical attention
-Has respiratory muscles become fatigued, respiratory movement is jerky and appears
uncoordinated.
-Check for retractions and asymmetric chest expansion.
-The patient with emphysema will have limited diaphragmatic movement because diaphragm is
flattened and below its usual resting state
COPD interventions - ANSWER -Improve gas exchange
-Teach breathing management such as airway management, breathing techniques, effective
coughing, oxygen therapy, exercise conditioning, suctioning, hydration, use of a vibratory
positive pressure device, adhering to drug therapy
-Consultation with dietitian
-Teach stress management techniques and ways to stay calm during acute dyspneic episodes
-Teach to avoid crowds to prevent getting sick. -Vaccinate for pneumonia, influenza
-Assess ABG levels
COPD plan of care - ANSWER -Non-serg management focuses on airway maintenance,
monitoring, breathing techniques, positioning, effective coughing, oxygen therapy exercise
coordination, suctioning, hydration, and use of vibration devices
-Teach pt how to be a partner in their plan of care
-Before any interventions, assess breathing rate, rhythm, depth, and use of accessory muscles
-Oxygen flow rate between 2 and 4 L per minute with Target percentage between 88 and 92
