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Chapter 8 Understanding Nursing
Research - Study Guide Terms 2026
Latest Questions and Answers (100%
Expert Answers) A+
Bias [ Ans: ] Distortion of study findings that are slanted or deviated
from the true or expected.
Causality [ Ans: ] Examines the effect of a particular intervention on a
selected outcome.
Control (definition) [ Ans: ] The power to direct or manipulate factors to
achieve a desired outcome. This is greater in experimental than quasi-
experimental designs.
Correlational Design [ Ans: ] Study design that examines relationships
between or among two or more variables in a single group.
© 2026
Cross-Sectional Design [ Ans: ] Type of design that involves examining a
group of study participants simultaneously in various stages of
development, severity of illness, or levels of education to describe
changes in a phenomenon across stages.
Descriptive Design [ Ans: ] Research designs conducted to gain
information about variables in relatively new areas of study, such as
studies to identify problems in current practice, determine trends of
illnesses, and categorize information.
Experimental Design [ Ans: ] Type of design focused on examining
causality where extensive control of the intervention, setting, sampling
process, and extraneous variables is possible.
Longitudinal Design [ Ans: ] Designs that involve collecting data from the
same study participants at different points in time and might also be
referred to as repeated measures.
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Multicausality [ Ans: ] The recognition that several interrelating variables
can be involved in causing a particular outcome.
Noninterventional Design [ Ans: ] Descriptive and correlational designs
are referred to as these types of designs since the focus is on examining
variables as they naturally occur in the environment and not on the
implementation of an intervention by researchers.
Probability [ Ans: ] - Your favorite part of Statistics
- Addresses relative rather than absolute causality.
Quasi-experimental Design [ Ans: ] Type of design that facilitates the
search for knowledge and examination of causality in situations where
control is limited in some ways.
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) [ Ans: ] - Type of study conducted in
nursing and medicine that is noted to be the strongest methodology for
testing the effectiveness of an intervention due to the elements of design
that limit the potential for bias. These studies are best conducted in
© 2026
multiple geographical locations to increase the sample size and obtain a
more representative sample.
- Level II Research evidence (second-best)
Research Design [ Ans: ] Blueprint or detailed plan for conducting a
study.
Construct Design Validity [ Ans: ] Validity concerned with the fit between
the conceptual and operational definitions of the study variables and the
quality of the measurement methods used in the study.
Design Validity [ Ans: ] Is a measure of the truth or accuracy of the
findings obtained from a study and is focused on overall quality of the
study design.
History [ Ans: ] Threat to internal validity that occurs when an event not
related to the planned study happens during the study that could have an
impact on the findings.
Chapter 8 Understanding Nursing
Research - Study Guide Terms 2026
Latest Questions and Answers (100%
Expert Answers) A+
Bias [ Ans: ] Distortion of study findings that are slanted or deviated
from the true or expected.
Causality [ Ans: ] Examines the effect of a particular intervention on a
selected outcome.
Control (definition) [ Ans: ] The power to direct or manipulate factors to
achieve a desired outcome. This is greater in experimental than quasi-
experimental designs.
Correlational Design [ Ans: ] Study design that examines relationships
between or among two or more variables in a single group.
© 2026
Cross-Sectional Design [ Ans: ] Type of design that involves examining a
group of study participants simultaneously in various stages of
development, severity of illness, or levels of education to describe
changes in a phenomenon across stages.
Descriptive Design [ Ans: ] Research designs conducted to gain
information about variables in relatively new areas of study, such as
studies to identify problems in current practice, determine trends of
illnesses, and categorize information.
Experimental Design [ Ans: ] Type of design focused on examining
causality where extensive control of the intervention, setting, sampling
process, and extraneous variables is possible.
Longitudinal Design [ Ans: ] Designs that involve collecting data from the
same study participants at different points in time and might also be
referred to as repeated measures.
, 2
Multicausality [ Ans: ] The recognition that several interrelating variables
can be involved in causing a particular outcome.
Noninterventional Design [ Ans: ] Descriptive and correlational designs
are referred to as these types of designs since the focus is on examining
variables as they naturally occur in the environment and not on the
implementation of an intervention by researchers.
Probability [ Ans: ] - Your favorite part of Statistics
- Addresses relative rather than absolute causality.
Quasi-experimental Design [ Ans: ] Type of design that facilitates the
search for knowledge and examination of causality in situations where
control is limited in some ways.
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) [ Ans: ] - Type of study conducted in
nursing and medicine that is noted to be the strongest methodology for
testing the effectiveness of an intervention due to the elements of design
that limit the potential for bias. These studies are best conducted in
© 2026
multiple geographical locations to increase the sample size and obtain a
more representative sample.
- Level II Research evidence (second-best)
Research Design [ Ans: ] Blueprint or detailed plan for conducting a
study.
Construct Design Validity [ Ans: ] Validity concerned with the fit between
the conceptual and operational definitions of the study variables and the
quality of the measurement methods used in the study.
Design Validity [ Ans: ] Is a measure of the truth or accuracy of the
findings obtained from a study and is focused on overall quality of the
study design.
History [ Ans: ] Threat to internal validity that occurs when an event not
related to the planned study happens during the study that could have an
impact on the findings.
