BIOL 252 Exam 2 Practice Test
Questions 2025-2026 Updated with
Correct Answers.
A 12-year-old male patient comes in complaining of leg pains, difficulty walking in a straight line
as well as a limp that has gotten worse. As a child, he was in an accident leading to a broken leg.
Upon x-ray, it is determined there is a difference in the length of the femur. What is most likely
the initial injury that has led to this abnormality?
a.The patient broke the shorter leg on the epiphyseal plate.
b. The patient broke the longer leg on the periosteum.
c. The patient broke the longer leg on the epiphyseal plate.
d. The patient broke the shorter leg on the diaphysis.
e. The patient broke the longer leg in the diaphysis - Answer a
Jake has rising calcium levels in the blood. What should happen to bring his calcium level back
to normal homeostasis?
a. His parathyroid gland should secrete more calcitonin
b. His thyroid gland should secrete more calcitonin
c. His parathyroid gland should secrete less calcitonin
d. His thyroid gland should secrete less calcitonin - Answer b
In Jake's case, what is responsible for releasing calcium from the bone into the blood stream in
the first place?
a. Osteoclasts
b. Osteocytes
c. Osteoblasts
d. Chondrocytes - Answer a
The myosin heads are replaced with a different structure. Everything is the same but the myosin
head's affinity for ADP is lower. What is the effect on the overall number of contractions in a
given time (not just one contraction)?
a. The myosin head would not attach to the actin, meaning no muscle contractions would occur.
b. Fewer muscle contractions would occur.
c. More muscle contractions would occur.
d. No changes would happen. - Answer c
-will want to release ADP as quickly as it can
-therefore, ATP can reattach more times in a given amount of time
,What allows actin and myosin to bind together and create a contraction?
a. Myosin has actin binding sites, and the entire myosin structure moves along to create a
contraction.
b. Actin has myosin binding sites, and the entire myosin structure moves along to create a
contraction.
c. Actin has myosin binding sites, so a myosin head binds to actin. If a contraction occurs, the
actin filaments are pulled by the myosin head.
d. Either Actin or myosin can bind to each other and create a contraction. - Answer c
where does bone growth occur? - Answer epiphyseal plate
what happens at the epiphyseal plate during bone growth? - Answer cartilage cells undergo
mitotic, enlarge then die
what would happen if epiphyseal plate was broken? - Answer bone growth will not occur
and will result in a shorter bone
calcitonin - Answer inhibits osteoclast activity to prevent calcium from being released from
bone to bloodstream
_____, which normally blocks the binding site on _______, will change its 3D configuration
when bound ________ moves it.
a. myosin, tropomyosin, troponin
b. tropomyosin, actin, troponin
c. troponin, actin, myosin
d. tropomyosin, troponin, actin - Answer b
T/F: ATP is required for muscle relaxation - Answer true
What stimulates the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to the sarcoplasm?
a. the binding of ATP
b. the binding of myosin
c. T-tubules
d. Action potentials - Answer d
Sarin gas is an _____ of the ______ - Answer inhibitor
, ACh esterase
Sarin gas will lead to - Answer continued muscle contraction because ACh will not be
degraded by ACh esterase
what is needed for a muscle organ contract?
a. all the muscle cells need to contract
b. some of the muscle cells need to contract
c. no muscle cells need to contract - Answer b
to control how much force is applied during muscle contractions, - Answer different numbers
of motor units are stimulated
Jamal has been experiencing left ventricular heart failure. Which of the following is a possible
reason his left ventricle is failing?
a. The sinoatrial node is unable to push blood from the left ventricle to the aorta.
b. There is a malfunction in the gap junctions between myocardiocytes towards the bottom of
the interventricular septum.
c. The portion of the nervous system controlling contraction in the left ventricle has been
damaged.
d. The semilunar valves are opening when the pressure of the ventricle is only
120 mmHg. - Answer b
-neighboring cardiomyocytes would not be able to trigger the purkinje fibers to push blood out
of left ventricles
Which of the following would be true of a patient if tetanic contraction was occurring
in their heart?
a. They'd have higher stroke volume
b. They'd have a lower heart rate
c. They'd have lower cardiac output
d. They'd have a longer plateau on an action potential graph - Answer c
-because EDV would be lower will less time to fill the ventricle before another contraction
occurs
A pharmaceutical company plans to develop an antihypertensive medication. Which of the
following strategies could they employ in their drug development program?
a. Enhance stroke volume
Questions 2025-2026 Updated with
Correct Answers.
A 12-year-old male patient comes in complaining of leg pains, difficulty walking in a straight line
as well as a limp that has gotten worse. As a child, he was in an accident leading to a broken leg.
Upon x-ray, it is determined there is a difference in the length of the femur. What is most likely
the initial injury that has led to this abnormality?
a.The patient broke the shorter leg on the epiphyseal plate.
b. The patient broke the longer leg on the periosteum.
c. The patient broke the longer leg on the epiphyseal plate.
d. The patient broke the shorter leg on the diaphysis.
e. The patient broke the longer leg in the diaphysis - Answer a
Jake has rising calcium levels in the blood. What should happen to bring his calcium level back
to normal homeostasis?
a. His parathyroid gland should secrete more calcitonin
b. His thyroid gland should secrete more calcitonin
c. His parathyroid gland should secrete less calcitonin
d. His thyroid gland should secrete less calcitonin - Answer b
In Jake's case, what is responsible for releasing calcium from the bone into the blood stream in
the first place?
a. Osteoclasts
b. Osteocytes
c. Osteoblasts
d. Chondrocytes - Answer a
The myosin heads are replaced with a different structure. Everything is the same but the myosin
head's affinity for ADP is lower. What is the effect on the overall number of contractions in a
given time (not just one contraction)?
a. The myosin head would not attach to the actin, meaning no muscle contractions would occur.
b. Fewer muscle contractions would occur.
c. More muscle contractions would occur.
d. No changes would happen. - Answer c
-will want to release ADP as quickly as it can
-therefore, ATP can reattach more times in a given amount of time
,What allows actin and myosin to bind together and create a contraction?
a. Myosin has actin binding sites, and the entire myosin structure moves along to create a
contraction.
b. Actin has myosin binding sites, and the entire myosin structure moves along to create a
contraction.
c. Actin has myosin binding sites, so a myosin head binds to actin. If a contraction occurs, the
actin filaments are pulled by the myosin head.
d. Either Actin or myosin can bind to each other and create a contraction. - Answer c
where does bone growth occur? - Answer epiphyseal plate
what happens at the epiphyseal plate during bone growth? - Answer cartilage cells undergo
mitotic, enlarge then die
what would happen if epiphyseal plate was broken? - Answer bone growth will not occur
and will result in a shorter bone
calcitonin - Answer inhibits osteoclast activity to prevent calcium from being released from
bone to bloodstream
_____, which normally blocks the binding site on _______, will change its 3D configuration
when bound ________ moves it.
a. myosin, tropomyosin, troponin
b. tropomyosin, actin, troponin
c. troponin, actin, myosin
d. tropomyosin, troponin, actin - Answer b
T/F: ATP is required for muscle relaxation - Answer true
What stimulates the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to the sarcoplasm?
a. the binding of ATP
b. the binding of myosin
c. T-tubules
d. Action potentials - Answer d
Sarin gas is an _____ of the ______ - Answer inhibitor
, ACh esterase
Sarin gas will lead to - Answer continued muscle contraction because ACh will not be
degraded by ACh esterase
what is needed for a muscle organ contract?
a. all the muscle cells need to contract
b. some of the muscle cells need to contract
c. no muscle cells need to contract - Answer b
to control how much force is applied during muscle contractions, - Answer different numbers
of motor units are stimulated
Jamal has been experiencing left ventricular heart failure. Which of the following is a possible
reason his left ventricle is failing?
a. The sinoatrial node is unable to push blood from the left ventricle to the aorta.
b. There is a malfunction in the gap junctions between myocardiocytes towards the bottom of
the interventricular septum.
c. The portion of the nervous system controlling contraction in the left ventricle has been
damaged.
d. The semilunar valves are opening when the pressure of the ventricle is only
120 mmHg. - Answer b
-neighboring cardiomyocytes would not be able to trigger the purkinje fibers to push blood out
of left ventricles
Which of the following would be true of a patient if tetanic contraction was occurring
in their heart?
a. They'd have higher stroke volume
b. They'd have a lower heart rate
c. They'd have lower cardiac output
d. They'd have a longer plateau on an action potential graph - Answer c
-because EDV would be lower will less time to fill the ventricle before another contraction
occurs
A pharmaceutical company plans to develop an antihypertensive medication. Which of the
following strategies could they employ in their drug development program?
a. Enhance stroke volume
