OCR A LEVEL PE PAPER 1

Exercise Physiology - OCR A Level PE -
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf


Paper 1
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OCR A LEVEL PE PAPER 1


Whatcfiscfthecfpathwaycfofcfoxygenatedcfbloodcf?cf-cfanswer--Lungscf-cfPulmonarycfveincf-cfLeftcfatriumcf-cfBicuspidcf-
cfLeftcfventriclecf-cfSemilunarcf-cfAortacf-cfBody



Whatcfiscfthecfpathwaycfofcfdeoxygenatedcfbloodcf?cf-cfanswer--Bodycf-cfvenacfcavecf-cfrightcfatriumcf-cftricuspidcf-
cfrightcfventriclecf-cfsemilunarcf-cfpulmonarycf-cflungs



Whatcfiscfthecfconductioncfsystem?cf-cfanswer--
Ascfthecfheartcfiscfmyogenic,cfhascftocfcreatecfitscfowncfelectricalcfimpulse,cfthiscfallowscfthecfatriacfandcfventriclescftocfcontrac
t.

Passagecfofcfthecfconductioncfsystemcf-cfanswer--
1)cfSAcfnodecfgeneratescfthecfelectricalcfimpulsecfandcfcauserscfthecfatriacfwallscftocfcontract.cf
2)cfAVcfnodecfthiscfdelayscfthecfimpulsecfforcf0.5cfofcfacfsecondcftocfallowcfthecfatriacftocffinishcfcontracting.cf
3)cfBundlecfofcfhiscfthiscfsplitscfthecfimpulsecfdowncfthecftwocfventricles.cf
4)cfbranchescfofcfhiscfcarriescfthecfimpulse.cf
5)cfpunjukiecffiberscfdisputescfthecfimpulsecfcausingcfcontraction.

Whatcfiscfthecfcardiaccfcycle?cf-cfanswer--
Thiscfiscfthecfmusclecfcontractioncfwhichcfcausescfacfheartcfbeat.cfItcfhascfacfcontractioncf(cfsystolic)cfandcfrelaxationcf(cfdiasto
liccf)cfphases.

DiastolecfPhasecf-cfanswer--
Thiscfiscfthecfstagecfwhencfthecfventriclescfandcfthecfatriacfrelaxcfwhichcfcausescflowcfbloodcfpressure,cfwecfthencfseecfthatcfbl
oodcfflowscffromcfthecfatriacftocfthecfventriclescffreely.cfThecfsemicflunarcfvalvecfiscfclosedcfatcfthiscftime.

Systolecfstagecf-cfanswer--Thecfatriacfcontractscfandcfforcescfbloodcfintocfthecfventricles.cf
Thecfventriclescfcontract,cfthecfAVcfvalvescfclosecfandcfthecfsemicflunarcfvalvescfopencfandcfforcescfbloodcfoutcfofcfthecfheart.

HeartcfRatecf-cfanswer--nocfofcfbeatscfpercfminute.cf
rcf-cf72bpm.
SUBcf-cf100-130
maxcf220-age.

StrokecfVolumecf(SV)cf-cfanswer--
Thecfvolumecfofcfbloodcfpumpedcfforwardcfwithcfeachcfventricularcfcontraction.cfDuringcfexcersiecfwecfseecftatcfstrokecfvolu
mecfremovescfwastecfproductscfandcflowerscfworkcfloadcfforcfthecfcardiaccfmuscles.cf
Rcf-cf70mlcf
SUBcf-cf100-120mlcf
MAXcf-cf100-120ml

Cardiaccfouptutcf-cfanswer--thecfvolumecfofcfbloodcfpumpedcfpercfminutecfbycfeachcfventriclecfofcfthecfheart.
rcf-cf5Lcf
Subcf-cf10-15Lcf
MAXcf-cf20cf-cf30cfL
1cf/cf9

, Exercise Physiology - OCR A Level PE -
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf


Paper 1
cf cf



Regulationcfofcfheartcfratecfduringcfexercise.cf-cfanswer--
Thiscfiscfcontrolledcfbycfthecfcardiaccfcontrolcfcentercfwecfseecfthatcfthiscfiscfthecfmedullacfoblgata.cfThiscfiscfcontrolledcfbycfthe
cfANScfandcfiscfresponsiblecfforcfthecffiringcfofcfthecfsympatheticcfandcfparasympatheticcfnervouscfsystem.



NeuralcfregulationcfofcfHR.cf-cfanswer--Chemorepectorscf-
cfthiscfdetectcfchemicalcfchangescfincfthecfPHcflevelscfandcfancfincreasecfincflacticcfacidcflevels.cf

Proprietorscf-cfincreasecfincfmovementcfincfthecftendons,cfligamentscfandcfjoints.cf
Barrorecetorscf-cfthiscfinformscfofcfancfincreasecfbloodcfpressurecfandcfhelpscftocflowercfthis.

WhatcfiscfthecfintrinsiccfcontrolcfofcfHR?cf-cfanswer--Temperaturecf-
cfancfincreasecfincfbodycftemperaturecfwillcfallowcfacfspeedcfupcftocfnervecftransmission.cf

VenouscfReturncf-cfallowcfacfstretchcfincfthecfwallscfandcfallowcfacfbiggercfcontractioncfforcecfandcfpushingcfbloodcfout.

Whatcfiscfhormonalcfcontrol?cf-cfanswer--
Thiscfiscfaderlainecfandcfnordaderlainecfwhichcfallowscfincreasecfstrokecfvolumecfandcfheartcfrate.

Whatcfarecfcapillaries?cf-cfanswer--Theycfarecfonecfcellcfthick.cf
Thiscfiscfwherecfgaseouscfexchangecftakecfplacecfthroughcfthecfwalls.

arteriolescfarteriescf-cfanswer--
Thiscfregulatescf&cfdilatescfbloodcfflow.cfTheycfalsocfcarrycfoxygenatedcfbloodcftocfthecfheartcfandcfallowscfvasoconstrictioncf
andcfvasodilation.

veinscfandcfvenulescf-cfanswer--
Thesecfcarecfdeoxygenatedcfbloodcffromcfthecfmusclescfbackcftocfthecfheartcfallowingcfvasoconstrictioncfandcfvasodilation.cf
Theycfhavecfonecfwaycfsystemcfwhichcfpreventscfbackcfflowcfandcfbloodcfpooling.

Whatcfarecfthecfvenouscfreturncfmechanisms?cf-cfanswer--
Thesecfhelpcfgetcfmorecfoxygenatedcfbloodcfbackcftocfthecfheartcfandcfpreventcfbloodcfpooling.cfItcfallowscfthecfincreasecfofcfs
trokecfvolumecfandcfcardiaccfoutput.cf
1)cfGravity,cfbloodcfrushescfdowncffromcfabovecfthecfheart.cf
2)cfpocketcfvalvecf-cfpreventcfbackcfflow.cf
3)cfsmoothcfmusclecf-cfthecfwallcfofcfeachcfmusclescfvasoconstriction.cf
4)cfrespiratorycfpumpcf-cfinspiringcfandcfexpiringcffastercfallowscfuscftocfpumpcfmorecfbloodcfbackcftocfthecfheart.cf
5)cfmusclecfpumpcf-cfthecfskeletalcfmusclescfpumpcfbloodcfbackcftocfthecfheart.

Howcfiscfblood/cardiaccfoutputcfredistributedcfduringcfexercise?cf-cfanswer--Bloodcfiscfmovedcfawaycffromcfnon-
essentialcforganscftocfthecfworkingcfmusclescfandcfthiscfiscfdonecfbycfthecfvascularcfshuntcfmechanism.cf
Wecfseecfthatcftocfaidcfthiscfthecfarteriolescfandcfprecfcapillarycfsphincterscfvasodilate,cfallowcfmorecfbloodcfthrough,cfandcfva
soconstrict,cfstopcfblood.cfThiscfincreasecfduringcfexercise.

Whatcfiscfthecfvasomotorcfcontrolcfcentre?cf-cfanswer--
itcfiscfincfthecfmedullacfoblagatacfwhichcfiscfalwayscfincfacfslightcfstatecfofcfconstriction,cfitcfalterscfthecflevelscfofcfbloodcfsentcftocf
thecfarteriolescfallowingcfvascularcfshunt.cf
ThecfVCCcfreceivescfinformationcffromcfchemocfrectors,cfbarrocfrectors.

Typescfofcfinjuriescf-cfanswer---cfacutecfandcfchronic
-cfhardcfandcfsoft.

Examplescfofcfhardcftissuecfinjuriescf-cfanswer--fractures,cfdislocations,cfconcussions,
2cf/cf9