NSG 530 EXAM 3
NSG 530 EXAM 3 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 LATEST
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin.
What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Metanalysis -- ANS >>Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding
this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. -- ANS >>The exact mechanism of immune
complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain.
Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
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,NSG 530 EXAM 3
D) Minimal change nephropathy -- ANS >>Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verodoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli -- ANS >>Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most
likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. -- ANS >>acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts -- ANS >>Urethral valves and polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
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,NSG 530 EXAM 3
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis -- ANS >>Hydronephrosis Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea -- ANS >>Thelarche
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir -- ANS >>B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition
is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma -- ANS >>A) Spinal cord injury
Page 3 of 88
, NSG 530 EXAM 3
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. -- ANS >>B) Symptoms include
painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine.
What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause
such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria -- ANS >>B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella -- ANS >>C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and
vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
Page 4 of 88
NSG 530 EXAM 3 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 LATEST
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin.
What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Metanalysis -- ANS >>Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding
this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. -- ANS >>The exact mechanism of immune
complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain.
Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
Page 1 of 88
,NSG 530 EXAM 3
D) Minimal change nephropathy -- ANS >>Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verodoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli -- ANS >>Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most
likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. -- ANS >>acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts -- ANS >>Urethral valves and polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
Page 2 of 88
,NSG 530 EXAM 3
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis -- ANS >>Hydronephrosis Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea -- ANS >>Thelarche
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir -- ANS >>B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition
is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma -- ANS >>A) Spinal cord injury
Page 3 of 88
, NSG 530 EXAM 3
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. -- ANS >>B) Symptoms include
painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine.
What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause
such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria -- ANS >>B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella -- ANS >>C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and
vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
Page 4 of 88
