EMS1055 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
How to Read Blood pressure - Answers -Apply a sphygmometer, pump to around
240mmhg listen to the beginning and end of beats for the systolic and diastolic
pressures
Carotid Pulse - Answers -60mmHg SBP
Femoral Pulse - Answers -70mmHg SBP
Radial Pulse - Answers -80mmHg SBP
Pedal Pulse - Answers -90-100mmHg SBP
Anaphylactic Shock - Answers -Type of shock due to an allergic reactions. S/S:
Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst, decreased urine output, runny nose, lightheadedness,
diarrhea, vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, cough, pain with swallowing, headache,
pruritus, Skin: urticaria, flushing, Delayed capillary refill, Tachypnea, Dilated pupils,
Decreasing SBP, wheezes, stridor. Treatment: High flow Oxygen, Trendelenburg
position, keep warm, load and go transport, assist with Epi Pen
Cardiogenic Shock - Answers -Type of shock due to complications with the heart and
or circulatory system. S/S: Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst, decreased urine output, Skin:
Pale, cool, and diaphoretic, Delayed capillary refill, Tachypnea, sustained tachycardia,
Dilated pupils, Decreasing SBP. Treatment: High flow Oxygen, Trendelenburg position
or position of comfort, keep warm, load and go transport to a cardiac facility
Hypovolemic Shock - Answers -Type of shock that is due to fluid loss in the body, blood
or dehydration. S/S: Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst, decreased urine output, Skin: Pale,
cool, and diaphoretic, Delayed capillary refill, Tachypnea, sustained tachycardia, Dilated
pupils, Decreasing SBP, Fontanelle: sunken, Mucus membranes: Dry. Treatment: High
flow Oxygen, Trendelenburg position, keep warm, load and go transport
Hypoglycemic Shock - Answers -Type of shock that isn't true shock, can happen more
often with diabetics. S/S: Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst, decreased urine output, Skin:
Pale, cool, and diaphoretic, Delayed capillary refill, Tachypnea, sustained tachycardia,
Dilated pupils, Decreasing SBP. Treatment: oral glucose or sugar and juice if patient
can swallow, if not immediate transport, Paramedic: IV glucose
Neurogenic Shock - Answers -Type of shock that begins with injury to the brain or
spinal chord. S/S: Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst, decreased urine output, Skin: warm and
dry, autonomic dysreflexia, temperature dysregulation (Poikilothermic), Hypotension,
bradycardia. Treatment: High flow Oxygen, Trendelenburg position, keep warm, load
and go transport, protect from further spinal cord damage (c-collar if necessary)
, Septic Shock - Answers -If this shock is not treated, patient can go into multi organ
failure. Originates from an infection within the body. S/S: Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst,
decreased dark urine output, Skin: Pale, cool, and diaphoretic, Delayed capillary refill,
Tachypnea, sustained tachycardia, Dilated pupils, Decreasing SBP, Febrile. Treatment:
High flow Oxygen, Trendelenburg position, keep warm, load and go transport
Beck's Triad - Answers -Hypotension with narrow pulse pressure, neck veins
distended, heart sounds muffled. This triad means you have a cardiac tamponade.
Basilar Skull Fracture - Answers -Signs and symptoms of this condition: blood or fluid
leaking from ears or nose, bruising around the eyes, hearing problems, loss of sense of
smell, vision changes, weakness in the face from nerve damage, fatigue, dizziness
OPA (Oropharyngeal Airway) - Answers -used in patients with no gag reflex, measured
from the corner of the mouth to the curve of the jaw bone, insert by pointing the to the
top of the head then rotating 180 degrees until in position
NPA (Nasopharyngeal Airway) - Answers -patients with an gag reflex, measured from
the tip of the earlobe to the corner of the nostril, use the right nostril to insert using a
twisting motion, do not use on patients with suspected head injury
Bag Valve Mask - Answers -Can be used with a mask or attached to a kind airway
tube, requires 10-15 L of oxygen, used for patients who cannot breath sufficiently on
their own
Non-rebreather Mask (NRBM) - Answers -Used in major trauma, respiratory failure,
and unstable patients, requires 10-15 L of Oxygen, used for patients who can breathe
sufficiently but need oxygen
Nasal Cannula - Answers -can be used for patients who have a low SpO2 however
high enough to be stable, low flow oxygen normally given around 2-4 L of oxygen
How to open an airway - Answers -If the patient cannot move air in and out of their
lungs they do not have an airway, if not use a Head tilt-chin lift, jaw thrust maneuver,
clear any possible obstructions
How to use Suction - Answers -Do not use it for more than 15 seconds, after a patient
vomits, needs their airway cleared or has a blockage in their mouth. Do not used a
finger swoop
AVPU - Answers -Alert, patient tracks you with their eyes, is awake and actively
speaking, Voice, patient responds to your voice, Pain, patient responds with a pain
stimulus such as a sternal rub with eye opening or sounds, Unconscious, patient has no
response to either voice or pain
How to Read Blood pressure - Answers -Apply a sphygmometer, pump to around
240mmhg listen to the beginning and end of beats for the systolic and diastolic
pressures
Carotid Pulse - Answers -60mmHg SBP
Femoral Pulse - Answers -70mmHg SBP
Radial Pulse - Answers -80mmHg SBP
Pedal Pulse - Answers -90-100mmHg SBP
Anaphylactic Shock - Answers -Type of shock due to an allergic reactions. S/S:
Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst, decreased urine output, runny nose, lightheadedness,
diarrhea, vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, cough, pain with swallowing, headache,
pruritus, Skin: urticaria, flushing, Delayed capillary refill, Tachypnea, Dilated pupils,
Decreasing SBP, wheezes, stridor. Treatment: High flow Oxygen, Trendelenburg
position, keep warm, load and go transport, assist with Epi Pen
Cardiogenic Shock - Answers -Type of shock due to complications with the heart and
or circulatory system. S/S: Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst, decreased urine output, Skin:
Pale, cool, and diaphoretic, Delayed capillary refill, Tachypnea, sustained tachycardia,
Dilated pupils, Decreasing SBP. Treatment: High flow Oxygen, Trendelenburg position
or position of comfort, keep warm, load and go transport to a cardiac facility
Hypovolemic Shock - Answers -Type of shock that is due to fluid loss in the body, blood
or dehydration. S/S: Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst, decreased urine output, Skin: Pale,
cool, and diaphoretic, Delayed capillary refill, Tachypnea, sustained tachycardia, Dilated
pupils, Decreasing SBP, Fontanelle: sunken, Mucus membranes: Dry. Treatment: High
flow Oxygen, Trendelenburg position, keep warm, load and go transport
Hypoglycemic Shock - Answers -Type of shock that isn't true shock, can happen more
often with diabetics. S/S: Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst, decreased urine output, Skin:
Pale, cool, and diaphoretic, Delayed capillary refill, Tachypnea, sustained tachycardia,
Dilated pupils, Decreasing SBP. Treatment: oral glucose or sugar and juice if patient
can swallow, if not immediate transport, Paramedic: IV glucose
Neurogenic Shock - Answers -Type of shock that begins with injury to the brain or
spinal chord. S/S: Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst, decreased urine output, Skin: warm and
dry, autonomic dysreflexia, temperature dysregulation (Poikilothermic), Hypotension,
bradycardia. Treatment: High flow Oxygen, Trendelenburg position, keep warm, load
and go transport, protect from further spinal cord damage (c-collar if necessary)
, Septic Shock - Answers -If this shock is not treated, patient can go into multi organ
failure. Originates from an infection within the body. S/S: Anxiety, Altered LOC, thirst,
decreased dark urine output, Skin: Pale, cool, and diaphoretic, Delayed capillary refill,
Tachypnea, sustained tachycardia, Dilated pupils, Decreasing SBP, Febrile. Treatment:
High flow Oxygen, Trendelenburg position, keep warm, load and go transport
Beck's Triad - Answers -Hypotension with narrow pulse pressure, neck veins
distended, heart sounds muffled. This triad means you have a cardiac tamponade.
Basilar Skull Fracture - Answers -Signs and symptoms of this condition: blood or fluid
leaking from ears or nose, bruising around the eyes, hearing problems, loss of sense of
smell, vision changes, weakness in the face from nerve damage, fatigue, dizziness
OPA (Oropharyngeal Airway) - Answers -used in patients with no gag reflex, measured
from the corner of the mouth to the curve of the jaw bone, insert by pointing the to the
top of the head then rotating 180 degrees until in position
NPA (Nasopharyngeal Airway) - Answers -patients with an gag reflex, measured from
the tip of the earlobe to the corner of the nostril, use the right nostril to insert using a
twisting motion, do not use on patients with suspected head injury
Bag Valve Mask - Answers -Can be used with a mask or attached to a kind airway
tube, requires 10-15 L of oxygen, used for patients who cannot breath sufficiently on
their own
Non-rebreather Mask (NRBM) - Answers -Used in major trauma, respiratory failure,
and unstable patients, requires 10-15 L of Oxygen, used for patients who can breathe
sufficiently but need oxygen
Nasal Cannula - Answers -can be used for patients who have a low SpO2 however
high enough to be stable, low flow oxygen normally given around 2-4 L of oxygen
How to open an airway - Answers -If the patient cannot move air in and out of their
lungs they do not have an airway, if not use a Head tilt-chin lift, jaw thrust maneuver,
clear any possible obstructions
How to use Suction - Answers -Do not use it for more than 15 seconds, after a patient
vomits, needs their airway cleared or has a blockage in their mouth. Do not used a
finger swoop
AVPU - Answers -Alert, patient tracks you with their eyes, is awake and actively
speaking, Voice, patient responds to your voice, Pain, patient responds with a pain
stimulus such as a sternal rub with eye opening or sounds, Unconscious, patient has no
response to either voice or pain
