EMS 1055 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
anaphylactic shock: signs/symptoms: swelling of lips/tongue/throat, runny nose, LOC, dyspnea, stridor, urticaria,
wheezing, pruritus
Treatment: epinephrine (adrenaline)
1. septic shock: signs/symptoms: fever,
hypotension Treatment: antibiotics
2. neurogenic shock: signs/symptoms: skin warm and dry, bradycardia, poikilothermic (unable to control
body temp)
treatment: treat as general shock and protect against further spinal cord damage
3. cardiogenic shock: signs/symptoms: LOC, confusion, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, chest pain
treatment: standard shock treatment, transport to cardiac facility critical
4. What are the signs and symptoms of insulin shock?: Signs/symptoms include looking
similar to shock, pale skin, cool skin, diaphoresis, altered mentation, and possible seizures.
5. What is the treatment for a patient experiencing insulin shock who can
swallow?: The treatment is oral glucose or juice with added sugar, and the patient must eat afterwards.
6. What should be done if a patient experiencing insulin shock cannot swallow?-
: Immediate transport is required, and the patient needs IV glucose.
7. CVA/TIA: signs/symptoms: FAST (facial drooping, arm weakness, speech diflculty, time to call stroke alert)
neurological exam: pupils, facial droop, hemiparesis, headache, diplopia, dysphasia, dysphagia, neglect, pronator drift, gait,
dysdiadochokinesia, GCS, photophobia, tinnitus
treatment: do detailed neuro assessment, keep patient at 30 degree semi-fowler's, give oxygen if necessary, transport to
stroke center, call stroke alert
*TIA same signs/symptoms as CVA except resolves within 24 hrs*
8. epidural bleed: blood between skull and dura
9. subarachnoid bleed: blood between the arachnoid and pia matter
10. subdural bleed: blood between dura and arachnoid, hours to days, fluctuations in LOC
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, 11. What are the contradictions of nitroglycerin?: SBP>100 and ED meds
12. AMI: signs/symptoms: substernal chest pain, SOB, nausea/vomiting, tachycardia, tachypnea, Lavine's sign, radi-
ate to left arm and/or neck and jaw
treatment: apply O2 (no high-flow unless necessary), nitroglycerin, transport to cardiac facility in high fowler's
13. Angina: Signs/symptoms: similar to MI
Treatment: stable angina relieved by nitro or rest, unstable may not be relieved by nitro or rest
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anaphylactic shock: signs/symptoms: swelling of lips/tongue/throat, runny nose, LOC, dyspnea, stridor, urticaria,
wheezing, pruritus
Treatment: epinephrine (adrenaline)
1. septic shock: signs/symptoms: fever,
hypotension Treatment: antibiotics
2. neurogenic shock: signs/symptoms: skin warm and dry, bradycardia, poikilothermic (unable to control
body temp)
treatment: treat as general shock and protect against further spinal cord damage
3. cardiogenic shock: signs/symptoms: LOC, confusion, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, chest pain
treatment: standard shock treatment, transport to cardiac facility critical
4. What are the signs and symptoms of insulin shock?: Signs/symptoms include looking
similar to shock, pale skin, cool skin, diaphoresis, altered mentation, and possible seizures.
5. What is the treatment for a patient experiencing insulin shock who can
swallow?: The treatment is oral glucose or juice with added sugar, and the patient must eat afterwards.
6. What should be done if a patient experiencing insulin shock cannot swallow?-
: Immediate transport is required, and the patient needs IV glucose.
7. CVA/TIA: signs/symptoms: FAST (facial drooping, arm weakness, speech diflculty, time to call stroke alert)
neurological exam: pupils, facial droop, hemiparesis, headache, diplopia, dysphasia, dysphagia, neglect, pronator drift, gait,
dysdiadochokinesia, GCS, photophobia, tinnitus
treatment: do detailed neuro assessment, keep patient at 30 degree semi-fowler's, give oxygen if necessary, transport to
stroke center, call stroke alert
*TIA same signs/symptoms as CVA except resolves within 24 hrs*
8. epidural bleed: blood between skull and dura
9. subarachnoid bleed: blood between the arachnoid and pia matter
10. subdural bleed: blood between dura and arachnoid, hours to days, fluctuations in LOC
1/9
, 11. What are the contradictions of nitroglycerin?: SBP>100 and ED meds
12. AMI: signs/symptoms: substernal chest pain, SOB, nausea/vomiting, tachycardia, tachypnea, Lavine's sign, radi-
ate to left arm and/or neck and jaw
treatment: apply O2 (no high-flow unless necessary), nitroglycerin, transport to cardiac facility in high fowler's
13. Angina: Signs/symptoms: similar to MI
Treatment: stable angina relieved by nitro or rest, unstable may not be relieved by nitro or rest
2/9
