PHYS 261 EXAMINATION TEST SOLVED
QUESTIONS 2026 FINAL PAPER VIEW AHEAD
EXAM
◍ Lipids. Ans: C & H little O
nonpolar
triglyceride- most abundant/important
phospholipids-eicosanoids/steroids
◍ PRO. Ans: made up of AA(20 in total- obtained in diet)
most versatile biomol
◍ Nucleotide. Ans: energy + info transfer
ATP, ADP, cAMP
◍ nucleic acids. Ans: DNA and RNA store + transmit genetic info
◍ Hydrophobic. Ans: do not dissolve in water
nonpolar
◍ Hydrophilic. Ans: dissolves easily in water
polar
, ◍ Protein Structure: Primary. Ans: sequence of amino acids
connected by peptide bonds
◍ Protein Structure: Secondary. Ans: created primarily by hydrogen
bonds
◍ protein structure: tertiary. Ans: 3D shape
◍ protein structure:quaternary. Ans: multiple subunits combine w/
non covalent bonds
hemoglobin mols made from 4 globular pro subunits
◍ pH. Ans: the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
◍ buffer. Ans: minimizes changes in pH
◍ chemical work. Ans: the making and breaking of chemical bonds
◍ transport work. Ans: movement of substances across membranes
concentration gradient: higher on one side than other
◍ mechanical work. Ans: moving organelles, changing cell shape,
beating flagella and cilia, contracting muscles
, ◍ potential energy. Ans: stored energy
transformed into kinetic energy when needed to do 3 types of work
◍ kinetic energy. Ans: energy of motion
◍ actavation energy. Ans: energy needed to start a reaction
low- spontaneous rxn
high-slow/or no
◍ Enzymes. Ans: Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
biological catalyst
bind to substrates
◍ Metabolism. Ans: All of the chemical reactions that occur within
an organism
◍ Anabolic. Ans: utilize energy to synthesize lg biomols
build up
◍ Catabolic. Ans: prod energy thru large molecules being broken
down
◍ exergonic reaction. Ans: A chemical reaction that releases energy
used by other mols to do work or heat
QUESTIONS 2026 FINAL PAPER VIEW AHEAD
EXAM
◍ Lipids. Ans: C & H little O
nonpolar
triglyceride- most abundant/important
phospholipids-eicosanoids/steroids
◍ PRO. Ans: made up of AA(20 in total- obtained in diet)
most versatile biomol
◍ Nucleotide. Ans: energy + info transfer
ATP, ADP, cAMP
◍ nucleic acids. Ans: DNA and RNA store + transmit genetic info
◍ Hydrophobic. Ans: do not dissolve in water
nonpolar
◍ Hydrophilic. Ans: dissolves easily in water
polar
, ◍ Protein Structure: Primary. Ans: sequence of amino acids
connected by peptide bonds
◍ Protein Structure: Secondary. Ans: created primarily by hydrogen
bonds
◍ protein structure: tertiary. Ans: 3D shape
◍ protein structure:quaternary. Ans: multiple subunits combine w/
non covalent bonds
hemoglobin mols made from 4 globular pro subunits
◍ pH. Ans: the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
◍ buffer. Ans: minimizes changes in pH
◍ chemical work. Ans: the making and breaking of chemical bonds
◍ transport work. Ans: movement of substances across membranes
concentration gradient: higher on one side than other
◍ mechanical work. Ans: moving organelles, changing cell shape,
beating flagella and cilia, contracting muscles
, ◍ potential energy. Ans: stored energy
transformed into kinetic energy when needed to do 3 types of work
◍ kinetic energy. Ans: energy of motion
◍ actavation energy. Ans: energy needed to start a reaction
low- spontaneous rxn
high-slow/or no
◍ Enzymes. Ans: Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
biological catalyst
bind to substrates
◍ Metabolism. Ans: All of the chemical reactions that occur within
an organism
◍ Anabolic. Ans: utilize energy to synthesize lg biomols
build up
◍ Catabolic. Ans: prod energy thru large molecules being broken
down
◍ exergonic reaction. Ans: A chemical reaction that releases energy
used by other mols to do work or heat
