PLTW MI: EOC Study Guide Exam and
All Correct Answers.
Epidemiology: - Answer A branch of medical science that deals with the incidence,
distribution, and control of disease
Case Control Study: - Answer Epidemiological study where a group of individuals with the
disease is compared to individuals without the disease. (Over short period of time)
Cohort Study: - Answer Epidemiological study with a group exposed to risk factors and the
control is not exposed. (Followed over long period of time to determine the incidence of
disease)
DNA Ligase: - Answer A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication and recombatinant DNA
techniques (the glue)
Herd Immunity: - Answer Resistance due to large population is immune and there for, cannot
spread
Inoculation: - Answer Introducing a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate
antibody production
Plasmid: - Answer Ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from chromosome
Vaccination: - Answer Presents the immune system with a harmless variant of a pathogen
stimulating a long-term defense
Diseases that have been eliminated from the US: - Answer Measles, polio, rubella, and
mumps.
Epidemiologists investigate by: - Answer Surveillance and descriptive studies.
Foreign Antigen: - Answer a substance (toxin of enzyme) that stimulates antibody production
-Surface markers are used for identificating
Antibody: - Answer proteins produced to neutralize antigens (an immune response)
,-Binds to antigens and sends lymphocytes to kill
Bioinformatics: - Answer The science of collecting and analyzing biological data
-Uses computers and math
-EX. genetic codes
BLAST: - Answer Basic Local Alignment Search Too
-A data base used to match DNA sequences with the amino acid sequences or nucleotides
-Used to identify pathogens or diseases
Enzyme: - Answer A substance produced by living organisms that act as a catalyst for
chemical reactions
Medical Intervention: - Answer The act of intervening with the intent to change the outcome
Out break: - Answer an occurrence of more cases of a disease in a given area or time period
that what was expected
-Also known as an epidemic
-Typically in a small, localized group
Pathogen: - Answer a bacteria, virus, or microorganism that can cause disease (different
from antigen)
DNA: - Answer Deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA: - Answer Ribonucleic acid
Solute: - Answer Substance being dissolved
Solvent: - Answer Substance that is dissolving the solute
Enzyme Substrate: - Answer The substance being affected by the enzyme
, Types of Medical Intervention: - Answer -Diagnostic: X-Ray
-Pharmacology: Antibiotics
-Surgery: Blood transfusion or transplant
-Rehabilitation: Crutches or prostetics
-Medical Devices: Inhalers or pace makers
-Immunology: Vaccines or soap
-Genetics: Testing for mutations
How do scientists gather evidence during the outbreak of an infectious disease? - Answer -
Record symptoms and find similarities between patients.
-Isolate pathogen in lab.
-Determine origin.
-Use DNA sequence to identify pathogens or to add to the database.
How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? - Answer -Shape recognition
-The proteins of cells are configured to specific antibodies
-Antigens bind to the antibody to inactivate them
ELISA: - Answer Enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay.
-Used to detect antibodies or antigens
-Vitro test
-The deeper the color, the more concentrated or serious the disease is
-The more serious of a disease makes it easier to identify
How can ELISA detect disease? - Answer 1. Primary antibodies attach to specific antigens.
2. Secondary antibodies attach to primary antibody.
3. Enzyme substrate is added to change colors and is then used to compare to color serial
dilution.
Antibiotic: - Answer A substance produced from a microorganism that inhibits growth or kills
other microorganisms (in dilute solution)
Antibiotic Resistance: - Answer Resistance to one or more antibiotics due to the addition of
genetic information
All Correct Answers.
Epidemiology: - Answer A branch of medical science that deals with the incidence,
distribution, and control of disease
Case Control Study: - Answer Epidemiological study where a group of individuals with the
disease is compared to individuals without the disease. (Over short period of time)
Cohort Study: - Answer Epidemiological study with a group exposed to risk factors and the
control is not exposed. (Followed over long period of time to determine the incidence of
disease)
DNA Ligase: - Answer A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication and recombatinant DNA
techniques (the glue)
Herd Immunity: - Answer Resistance due to large population is immune and there for, cannot
spread
Inoculation: - Answer Introducing a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate
antibody production
Plasmid: - Answer Ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from chromosome
Vaccination: - Answer Presents the immune system with a harmless variant of a pathogen
stimulating a long-term defense
Diseases that have been eliminated from the US: - Answer Measles, polio, rubella, and
mumps.
Epidemiologists investigate by: - Answer Surveillance and descriptive studies.
Foreign Antigen: - Answer a substance (toxin of enzyme) that stimulates antibody production
-Surface markers are used for identificating
Antibody: - Answer proteins produced to neutralize antigens (an immune response)
,-Binds to antigens and sends lymphocytes to kill
Bioinformatics: - Answer The science of collecting and analyzing biological data
-Uses computers and math
-EX. genetic codes
BLAST: - Answer Basic Local Alignment Search Too
-A data base used to match DNA sequences with the amino acid sequences or nucleotides
-Used to identify pathogens or diseases
Enzyme: - Answer A substance produced by living organisms that act as a catalyst for
chemical reactions
Medical Intervention: - Answer The act of intervening with the intent to change the outcome
Out break: - Answer an occurrence of more cases of a disease in a given area or time period
that what was expected
-Also known as an epidemic
-Typically in a small, localized group
Pathogen: - Answer a bacteria, virus, or microorganism that can cause disease (different
from antigen)
DNA: - Answer Deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA: - Answer Ribonucleic acid
Solute: - Answer Substance being dissolved
Solvent: - Answer Substance that is dissolving the solute
Enzyme Substrate: - Answer The substance being affected by the enzyme
, Types of Medical Intervention: - Answer -Diagnostic: X-Ray
-Pharmacology: Antibiotics
-Surgery: Blood transfusion or transplant
-Rehabilitation: Crutches or prostetics
-Medical Devices: Inhalers or pace makers
-Immunology: Vaccines or soap
-Genetics: Testing for mutations
How do scientists gather evidence during the outbreak of an infectious disease? - Answer -
Record symptoms and find similarities between patients.
-Isolate pathogen in lab.
-Determine origin.
-Use DNA sequence to identify pathogens or to add to the database.
How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? - Answer -Shape recognition
-The proteins of cells are configured to specific antibodies
-Antigens bind to the antibody to inactivate them
ELISA: - Answer Enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay.
-Used to detect antibodies or antigens
-Vitro test
-The deeper the color, the more concentrated or serious the disease is
-The more serious of a disease makes it easier to identify
How can ELISA detect disease? - Answer 1. Primary antibodies attach to specific antigens.
2. Secondary antibodies attach to primary antibody.
3. Enzyme substrate is added to change colors and is then used to compare to color serial
dilution.
Antibiotic: - Answer A substance produced from a microorganism that inhibits growth or kills
other microorganisms (in dilute solution)
Antibiotic Resistance: - Answer Resistance to one or more antibiotics due to the addition of
genetic information
