Psychology 387 - Learning - Final
Study Guide with correct solutions
Today, some psychologists argue that forgetting is learning. Explain this
idea. - Ans--Some psychs say that behaviour comes from stimulus control
when we learning and the reason we learn is because of those stimuli. But if
those stimuli aren't present then the behaviour that is associated with them
originally will not occur. It may not be forgetting but just a different learning
experience that results n different behaviour. Everything, learning and
forgetting included, is dependent on the context of the situation and cues.
Does learning inevitable mean progress? Why or why not. - Ans--The whole
premise behind learning is that we learn to adapt and change to our
environment and there for anything we learn has some "value", even if it's
just for a short period of time. But we can learn in ways that are not product to
ourselves or our environments in the long runs. Which means that not all
learning can be considered progress.
Why has observational learning received less attention then other forms of
learning? - Ans--Few different reasons, one is that early research in
observation learning (Thorndike and Watson) was unable to demonstrate
observational learning. It wasn't until the 30's that research had results
showing animals can learn by observation (Warden)
You hold the patent on a special beard-trimming razor, so it is to you
advantage if beards are popular. How would you use modelling to increase
the popularity beards? - Ans--Peer modelling, you start wearing a beard
and then in theory people around you would start also wearing beards and
so on. Commercials could be made to show that people with beards are
found attractive and receiving compliments for their beards.
Discuss DOE and its implications for discrimination training. - Ans--DOE or
differential outcomes effect says that discrimination training happens at a
much faster rate when different behaviours produce different
consequences/reinforcers. DOE has proven to be effective in learning a
second language as demonstrated in research by McClelland and
, colleagues when teaching Japanese students english. Also, any type of job
where you have to be familiar with many different concepts and how those
concepts differ from one another, would benefit from DOE. Training animals
also requires the ability to discriminate between smells.
The chief limitation of natural selection as a means of adapting to change is
that____. - Ans--NS is very slow. In Gordon's guppy study it took up to 26
generations before any significant adaptations were made and aided in
survival. Humans take far longer to reach sexual maturity then guppies so it
could potentially take hundreds of years to see successful adaptations. NS
is unable to help us adapt when there is a rapid change in the environment.
Learning is a change in behavior due to: - Ans--A change in behaviour due
to experience. In order for a species to learn there has be some sort of
change in their behaviour. The only way these changes can occur is
through experiences.
A stimulus is an environmental event that is capable of affecting: - Ans--A
stimulus is an environmental event that is capable of affecting behaviour.
An example of a stimulus is a loud noise and then out behavior is to look
towards that noise.
The phase survival of the fittest is often interpreted to mean that natural
selection is the result of a kind of combat. What would be a more accurate
interpretation of the phrase? - Ans--Members of a species that are better
able to adapt to their environment will be the ones more likely to survive and
produce offspring. It means that some members of species are better
equipped to deal with the changes that come to them. An example would be
some humans participate in risky activities like skydiving, while others do
not. There is no combat between these members, one is just more hesitate
to jump out of a plane and that hesitation could mean they survive longer.
Explain the differences between within-subject (single subject) and
between-subject experiments. - Ans--Between-subject experiments look at
the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable without
looking at any outside influences. Between-subject uses different groups,
experimental and control groups.
Study Guide with correct solutions
Today, some psychologists argue that forgetting is learning. Explain this
idea. - Ans--Some psychs say that behaviour comes from stimulus control
when we learning and the reason we learn is because of those stimuli. But if
those stimuli aren't present then the behaviour that is associated with them
originally will not occur. It may not be forgetting but just a different learning
experience that results n different behaviour. Everything, learning and
forgetting included, is dependent on the context of the situation and cues.
Does learning inevitable mean progress? Why or why not. - Ans--The whole
premise behind learning is that we learn to adapt and change to our
environment and there for anything we learn has some "value", even if it's
just for a short period of time. But we can learn in ways that are not product to
ourselves or our environments in the long runs. Which means that not all
learning can be considered progress.
Why has observational learning received less attention then other forms of
learning? - Ans--Few different reasons, one is that early research in
observation learning (Thorndike and Watson) was unable to demonstrate
observational learning. It wasn't until the 30's that research had results
showing animals can learn by observation (Warden)
You hold the patent on a special beard-trimming razor, so it is to you
advantage if beards are popular. How would you use modelling to increase
the popularity beards? - Ans--Peer modelling, you start wearing a beard
and then in theory people around you would start also wearing beards and
so on. Commercials could be made to show that people with beards are
found attractive and receiving compliments for their beards.
Discuss DOE and its implications for discrimination training. - Ans--DOE or
differential outcomes effect says that discrimination training happens at a
much faster rate when different behaviours produce different
consequences/reinforcers. DOE has proven to be effective in learning a
second language as demonstrated in research by McClelland and
, colleagues when teaching Japanese students english. Also, any type of job
where you have to be familiar with many different concepts and how those
concepts differ from one another, would benefit from DOE. Training animals
also requires the ability to discriminate between smells.
The chief limitation of natural selection as a means of adapting to change is
that____. - Ans--NS is very slow. In Gordon's guppy study it took up to 26
generations before any significant adaptations were made and aided in
survival. Humans take far longer to reach sexual maturity then guppies so it
could potentially take hundreds of years to see successful adaptations. NS
is unable to help us adapt when there is a rapid change in the environment.
Learning is a change in behavior due to: - Ans--A change in behaviour due
to experience. In order for a species to learn there has be some sort of
change in their behaviour. The only way these changes can occur is
through experiences.
A stimulus is an environmental event that is capable of affecting: - Ans--A
stimulus is an environmental event that is capable of affecting behaviour.
An example of a stimulus is a loud noise and then out behavior is to look
towards that noise.
The phase survival of the fittest is often interpreted to mean that natural
selection is the result of a kind of combat. What would be a more accurate
interpretation of the phrase? - Ans--Members of a species that are better
able to adapt to their environment will be the ones more likely to survive and
produce offspring. It means that some members of species are better
equipped to deal with the changes that come to them. An example would be
some humans participate in risky activities like skydiving, while others do
not. There is no combat between these members, one is just more hesitate
to jump out of a plane and that hesitation could mean they survive longer.
Explain the differences between within-subject (single subject) and
between-subject experiments. - Ans--Between-subject experiments look at
the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable without
looking at any outside influences. Between-subject uses different groups,
experimental and control groups.
