Developmental Bio 351 Exam 1
Questions With Correct Answers
Commitment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A cell's developmental state has been
| | | | | | | | |
restricted (even though its not overtly displayed)
| | | | | |
Specification - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-first stage of commitment (reversible)
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cells can differentiate in a neutral environment
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determination - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the second, irreversible step of
| | | | | | | |
commitment
WILL BECOME DETERMINED CELL TYPE DESPITE ENVIRONMENT
| | | | | |
differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the generation of specialized cell types
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from committed precursors
| |
what are the two types of specification? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-autonomous
| | | | | | | | | |
specification
conditional specification
|
,autonomous specification - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-cells achieve fate by factors
| | | | | | | | |
received from parent cells without receiving external signals
| | | | | | |
example: Progenitor trochoblast cells in snail Patella can be removed to a dish
| | | | | | | | | | | |
• They will divide and then differentiate and make cilia in the correct
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
developmental time |
conditional specification - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-cells achieve fate on factors/
| | | | | | | | |
interaction from surrounding cells | | |
can be signals, cell - cell contact, physical environment
| | | | | | | |
example: moving cells from back tissue to belly resulting in back cells expressing
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
as belly cells
| |
what is the correct order of developmental steps
| | | | | | |
differentiation, specification, determination - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1.
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specification
2.determination
3.differentiation
At what stage do you find embryonic stem cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Blastula
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stage
|
,what are stem cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an undifferentiated cell of a
| | | | | | | | | | |
multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
what are the two main characteristics of stem cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | |
1.undifferentiated or unspecialized cells that can give rise to one or more | | | | | | | | | | | |
specialized cells |
2. capable of self renewal over long periods of time (division asymmetrically or
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
symmetrically)
what is potency or potential? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The ability of a stem cell to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
differentiate into different cell types.
| | | | |
asymmetric division - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Single cell asymmetry
| | | | | | |
| - stem cell can self renew or commit
| | | | | | |
Population asymmetry |
| -stem cell becomes two committed cells
| | | | | |
| -but when added with another stem cell can result in two new stem cells
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adult stem cell lineage | | |
| -multipotent stem cell can self renew or commit | | | | | | |
| -committed cell can renew or turn into progenitor cell | | | | | | | | |
| - which can then only turn into differentiated cells
| | | | | | | |
self renewal - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-process of giving rise to indefinitely more
| | | | | | | | | | |
cells of the same cell type
| | | | |
, totipotent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-capable of becoming any cell type (zygote)
| | | | | | | | |
pluripotent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-capable of becoming several cell types (ES
| | | | | | | | | |
cell from blastocyst)
| |
multipotent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-capable of becoming more than one cell
| | | | | | | | | |
type
3 types of stem cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Embryonic or ES cells
| | | | | | | | | |
Adult or somatic- undifferentiated cell, found among differentiated cells in a
| | | | | | | | | | |
tissue or organ that can renew itself
| | | | | |
iPS or induced pluripotent stem cells- adult cells that have been genetically
| | | | | | | | | | | |
reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell | | | | |
Embryonic Stem Cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-pluripotent (can become several
| | | | | | | | |
different cell types) | |
Derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst
| | | | | |
cultured indefinitely in an undifferentiated state (committed but not
| | | | | | | | |
differentiated)
Questions With Correct Answers
Commitment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A cell's developmental state has been
| | | | | | | | |
restricted (even though its not overtly displayed)
| | | | | |
Specification - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-first stage of commitment (reversible)
| | | | | | |
cells can differentiate in a neutral environment
| | | | | |
determination - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the second, irreversible step of
| | | | | | | |
commitment
WILL BECOME DETERMINED CELL TYPE DESPITE ENVIRONMENT
| | | | | |
differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the generation of specialized cell types
| | | | | | | | |
from committed precursors
| |
what are the two types of specification? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-autonomous
| | | | | | | | | |
specification
conditional specification
|
,autonomous specification - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-cells achieve fate by factors
| | | | | | | | |
received from parent cells without receiving external signals
| | | | | | |
example: Progenitor trochoblast cells in snail Patella can be removed to a dish
| | | | | | | | | | | |
• They will divide and then differentiate and make cilia in the correct
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
developmental time |
conditional specification - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-cells achieve fate on factors/
| | | | | | | | |
interaction from surrounding cells | | |
can be signals, cell - cell contact, physical environment
| | | | | | | |
example: moving cells from back tissue to belly resulting in back cells expressing
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
as belly cells
| |
what is the correct order of developmental steps
| | | | | | |
differentiation, specification, determination - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1.
| | | | | |
specification
2.determination
3.differentiation
At what stage do you find embryonic stem cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Blastula
| | | | | | | | | | |
stage
|
,what are stem cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an undifferentiated cell of a
| | | | | | | | | | |
multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
what are the two main characteristics of stem cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | |
1.undifferentiated or unspecialized cells that can give rise to one or more | | | | | | | | | | | |
specialized cells |
2. capable of self renewal over long periods of time (division asymmetrically or
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
symmetrically)
what is potency or potential? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The ability of a stem cell to
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
differentiate into different cell types.
| | | | |
asymmetric division - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Single cell asymmetry
| | | | | | |
| - stem cell can self renew or commit
| | | | | | |
Population asymmetry |
| -stem cell becomes two committed cells
| | | | | |
| -but when added with another stem cell can result in two new stem cells
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adult stem cell lineage | | |
| -multipotent stem cell can self renew or commit | | | | | | |
| -committed cell can renew or turn into progenitor cell | | | | | | | | |
| - which can then only turn into differentiated cells
| | | | | | | |
self renewal - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-process of giving rise to indefinitely more
| | | | | | | | | | |
cells of the same cell type
| | | | |
, totipotent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-capable of becoming any cell type (zygote)
| | | | | | | | |
pluripotent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-capable of becoming several cell types (ES
| | | | | | | | | |
cell from blastocyst)
| |
multipotent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-capable of becoming more than one cell
| | | | | | | | | |
type
3 types of stem cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Embryonic or ES cells
| | | | | | | | | |
Adult or somatic- undifferentiated cell, found among differentiated cells in a
| | | | | | | | | | |
tissue or organ that can renew itself
| | | | | |
iPS or induced pluripotent stem cells- adult cells that have been genetically
| | | | | | | | | | | |
reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell | | | | |
Embryonic Stem Cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-pluripotent (can become several
| | | | | | | | |
different cell types) | |
Derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst
| | | | | |
cultured indefinitely in an undifferentiated state (committed but not
| | | | | | | | |
differentiated)
