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HPHY 212 FINAL Questions with Correct Answers |
Updated (100% Correct Answers)
Bar Chart Answer: shows a Categorical COMPARISON between one varibale
Line Chart Answer: Shows a Continuous COMPARISON of one variable over time
Histogram Answer: Shows frequency DISTRIBUTION of continuous data
Scatter Plot Answer: Shows RELATIONSHIP or DISTRIBUTION between two
variables
Pie Chart Answer: Shows COMPOSITION of percent/part of a whole
Descriptive Statistics Answer: Summarizes raw data into central tendency and
variability
Mean Answer: Average of values
Median Answer: Middle value
Mode Answer: Most frequent value
Standard Deviation Answer: Spread of individual data around the mean
Range Answer: Highest minus lowest value
Normal Distribution Answer: Bell-shaped distribution with most values near
mean
68-95-99 Rule Answer: 68% within 1 SD, 95% within 2 SD, 99% within 3 SD
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High SD Answer: Large variability between observations
Low SD Answer: Observations are very consistent
Sample Mean Answer: Average from the sample used to estimate population
mean
Standard Error (SEM) Answer: Spread of possible sample means around true
mean
SEM Formula Answer: SD ÷ √sample size (N)
Confidence Interval (CI) Answer: an interval estimate of where the true
population mean might lie
95% Confidence Answer: If repeated many times, 95% of CI's contain true
population mean
Central Limit Theorem Answer: 1. repeated sampling
2. probability
3. larger sample size
Null Hypothesis (Ho) Answer: No difference or no effect between variables
Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) Answer: There is a difference or effect between
variables
Alpha (α) Answer: Threshold probability for rejecting Ho (usually 0.05)
P-value Answer: Probability of observing data if Ho is true
© 2026 All rights reserved
HPHY 212 FINAL Questions with Correct Answers |
Updated (100% Correct Answers)
Bar Chart Answer: shows a Categorical COMPARISON between one varibale
Line Chart Answer: Shows a Continuous COMPARISON of one variable over time
Histogram Answer: Shows frequency DISTRIBUTION of continuous data
Scatter Plot Answer: Shows RELATIONSHIP or DISTRIBUTION between two
variables
Pie Chart Answer: Shows COMPOSITION of percent/part of a whole
Descriptive Statistics Answer: Summarizes raw data into central tendency and
variability
Mean Answer: Average of values
Median Answer: Middle value
Mode Answer: Most frequent value
Standard Deviation Answer: Spread of individual data around the mean
Range Answer: Highest minus lowest value
Normal Distribution Answer: Bell-shaped distribution with most values near
mean
68-95-99 Rule Answer: 68% within 1 SD, 95% within 2 SD, 99% within 3 SD
© 2026 All rights reserved
, 2
High SD Answer: Large variability between observations
Low SD Answer: Observations are very consistent
Sample Mean Answer: Average from the sample used to estimate population
mean
Standard Error (SEM) Answer: Spread of possible sample means around true
mean
SEM Formula Answer: SD ÷ √sample size (N)
Confidence Interval (CI) Answer: an interval estimate of where the true
population mean might lie
95% Confidence Answer: If repeated many times, 95% of CI's contain true
population mean
Central Limit Theorem Answer: 1. repeated sampling
2. probability
3. larger sample size
Null Hypothesis (Ho) Answer: No difference or no effect between variables
Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) Answer: There is a difference or effect between
variables
Alpha (α) Answer: Threshold probability for rejecting Ho (usually 0.05)
P-value Answer: Probability of observing data if Ho is true
© 2026 All rights reserved
