2025\2026 A+ Grade
Where are Beta 1 receptors found?
- correct answer Heart and Kidneys
Stimulation of Beta 1 receptors result in an increase of what?
- correct answer Heart: Inotropy, Chronotropy, Dromotropy
Kidneys: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System = Vasoconstriction = Increase blood pressure
Which node is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium, is typically supplied
by the Right Coronary artery, and fires at a rate of 60-100 bpm.
- correct answer SA Node
Atrial depolarization characterized by smooth, round, upright deflection less than 0.11 secs long and less
than 2.5mm tall is referred to as what on the ECG?
- correct answer P wave
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Metropolol (Lopressor)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Propranolol (Inderal)
Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
Acebutolol (Sectral)
Comolol (Brevibloc)
- correct answer Beta Blockers - used for blood pressure and cardiac problems
Epinephrine
, Norepinephrine
Vasopressin
Dopamine
Phenylephrine
Dobutamine
- correct answer Vasopressors
The middle of phase 3 to beginning of phase 4 in the cardiac cycle where cardiac cells are partially
refractory and partially repolarized and certain cells can be depolarized in response to electrical
stimulus.
- correct answer Relative Refractory Period
(Partial flush of the toilet)
Starlings Law
- correct answer When end diastolic volume increases, stroke volume increases as well.
(When more blood is in the ventricles, the cardiac muscle stretches like rubber band and creates more
forceful contraction)
Intrinsic Rate for Ventricles (Purkinje Fibers)
- correct answer 20-40
Intrinsic Rate for AV Junction
- correct answer 40-60
Treatment for Beta Blocker Overdose
- correct answer Glucagon: 1-5mg IV/IO (1st Line Drug)
Calcium Chloride: 500mg - 1g IV/IO
Why do we give Nitro for chest pain?