PNP301 FINAL RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Asthma is a disease that involves - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- periodic episodes of severe, reversible
bronchial obstruction in its with: hypersensitive or hyperresponsive airways
Frequent repeated attacks of acute asthma may lead to... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Irreversible lung
damage and development of chronic asthma (C.O.L.D
(chronic obstructive lung disease))
Asthma is classified into two types - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Extrinsic and Intrinsic asthma
Extrinsic asthma - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is more common in childhood, and causes bronchioles
constriction as a result of an outside substance like dust.
-hypersensitivity
- family hx of allergic conditions ex. allergic rhinitis, eczema
Intrinsic asthma - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is more common in adults where no specific cause for the
bronchioles constriction can be identified
-hyperresponsiveness
-resp infections
-stress
-exposure to cold
-exercise
-drugs ex. aspirin
- inhaling irritants ex. cigarette smoke
,Can patients have a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅yes, many
pts do
Asthma can be classified in 2 different ways: acute or chronic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Acute: single
episode
Chronic: long-term condition
Case of asthma on a clinical scale rating - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mild and intermittent to severe and
persistent
All types of asthma exhibit the same path changes r/t inflammation during an acute attack. The bronchi
& bronchioles respond to the stimuli with 3 changes... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. inflammation
2. contraction of sm (bronchoconstriction)
3. increased secretion of thick mucus in the airway
These 3 changes can... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅can cause partial or total obstruction of airways
-interferes w/ airflow and o2 supply
In patients with extrinsic asthma, the antigen reacts with immunoglobulin E and release.... which
causes... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- histamine
-kinins
-prostaglandins
-other chemical mediators
CAUSES INFLAMMATION, BRONCHOSPASM, EDEMA, INCREASED MUCUS SECRETION
AND BRONCHOCONSTRICTION
, What do leukotrienes do? (chemical mediators) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cause prolonged inflammation,
bronchoconstriction, and epithet damage
Partial obstruction of the small bronchi and bronchioles results in... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅air trapping
and hyperinflation of the lungs
Total obstruction of the airway results when... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mucus plugs completely block
the flow of air in the already narrowed passage.
- this leads to atelectasis or nonaeration of tissue distal to the obstruction
Both partial and total airway obstruction lead to - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅marked hypoxia
Status asthmaticus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a severe, life-threatening asthma attack that can put the
patient at risk for developing respiratory failure.
- r/t inadequate medical treatment
- MEDICAL EMERGENCY
- does not respond to usual therapy
- may be fatal because of severe hypoxia and acidosis ----> cardiac arrhythmias or CNS depression
etiology of asthma - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- family hx of hay fever, eczema
- viral upper resp infections precipitate attacks
contributing factors: sedentary lifestyles, kids staying indoors resulting in increased exposure to
allergens amid poor ventilation, increased air pollution
How do you know when a pt is undergoing respiratory failure? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- decreased
responsiveness
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Asthma is a disease that involves - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- periodic episodes of severe, reversible
bronchial obstruction in its with: hypersensitive or hyperresponsive airways
Frequent repeated attacks of acute asthma may lead to... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Irreversible lung
damage and development of chronic asthma (C.O.L.D
(chronic obstructive lung disease))
Asthma is classified into two types - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Extrinsic and Intrinsic asthma
Extrinsic asthma - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is more common in childhood, and causes bronchioles
constriction as a result of an outside substance like dust.
-hypersensitivity
- family hx of allergic conditions ex. allergic rhinitis, eczema
Intrinsic asthma - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is more common in adults where no specific cause for the
bronchioles constriction can be identified
-hyperresponsiveness
-resp infections
-stress
-exposure to cold
-exercise
-drugs ex. aspirin
- inhaling irritants ex. cigarette smoke
,Can patients have a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic asthma? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅yes, many
pts do
Asthma can be classified in 2 different ways: acute or chronic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Acute: single
episode
Chronic: long-term condition
Case of asthma on a clinical scale rating - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mild and intermittent to severe and
persistent
All types of asthma exhibit the same path changes r/t inflammation during an acute attack. The bronchi
& bronchioles respond to the stimuli with 3 changes... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. inflammation
2. contraction of sm (bronchoconstriction)
3. increased secretion of thick mucus in the airway
These 3 changes can... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅can cause partial or total obstruction of airways
-interferes w/ airflow and o2 supply
In patients with extrinsic asthma, the antigen reacts with immunoglobulin E and release.... which
causes... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- histamine
-kinins
-prostaglandins
-other chemical mediators
CAUSES INFLAMMATION, BRONCHOSPASM, EDEMA, INCREASED MUCUS SECRETION
AND BRONCHOCONSTRICTION
, What do leukotrienes do? (chemical mediators) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cause prolonged inflammation,
bronchoconstriction, and epithet damage
Partial obstruction of the small bronchi and bronchioles results in... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅air trapping
and hyperinflation of the lungs
Total obstruction of the airway results when... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mucus plugs completely block
the flow of air in the already narrowed passage.
- this leads to atelectasis or nonaeration of tissue distal to the obstruction
Both partial and total airway obstruction lead to - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅marked hypoxia
Status asthmaticus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a severe, life-threatening asthma attack that can put the
patient at risk for developing respiratory failure.
- r/t inadequate medical treatment
- MEDICAL EMERGENCY
- does not respond to usual therapy
- may be fatal because of severe hypoxia and acidosis ----> cardiac arrhythmias or CNS depression
etiology of asthma - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- family hx of hay fever, eczema
- viral upper resp infections precipitate attacks
contributing factors: sedentary lifestyles, kids staying indoors resulting in increased exposure to
allergens amid poor ventilation, increased air pollution
How do you know when a pt is undergoing respiratory failure? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- decreased
responsiveness
