NEUROSCIENCE 6TH EDITION TEST BANK
CHAPTERS 1-34 ACTUAL EXAM 2026 ALL
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Types of tissues in the nervous system. Answer: Gray matter: neuronal
cell bodies
∙in the brain = located on outer surfaces
∙in spinal cord = innermost tissue (what makes the butterfly)
White matter: glial cells and neuronal processes (Tracts)
∙in brain = located on inner portions of brain
∙in spinal cord = outermost tissue (what surrounds the butterfly)
⩥ Layers surround the brain. Answer: 3 meninges (outside → in): dura
mater → arachnoid mater → pia mater
∙dura mater: outer and inner layers, does not touch brain
∙arachnoid mater: does not touch brain
∙pia mater: attaches to brain
2 spaces
∙space b/w the two dura layers (2 sinuses)
,→superior/inerior sagittal sinus: contain blood from veins that will drain
into jugular veins (remember superior sagittal sinus when we talk about
spinal fluid)
∙subarachnoid space: b/w pia and arachnoid mater, contains blood
vessels
⩥ Terms of cerebrum/cortex. Answer: Sulcus/Fissues: allows or
increased area to hold more neurons/pathways (sulcus means "ditch")
∙longitudinal fissure = separates left and right hemisphere
∙central sulcus (Fissure of Rolando) = separates frontal lobe from
parietal lobe
∙lateral fissure = (Fissure of Sylvius) = separates temporal lobe from
frontal/parietal lobe
Gyri (pl.): wave-like curves of cortex, each gurus (singular) has a
particular function
∙precentral = motility → if stroke occurs here, movements will be
impaired but on contralateral side
∙postcentral
Commissure: connecting fiber tracts for communication in the brain
∙major commissure (corpus callosum): connects left and right
→stroke here will result in problems w/ communication of left and right
hemispheres
,∙don't confuse w/ tracts, which are tract and not usually able to visualize
Lobes: putting gyri together, each lobe has a different function
∙Frontal lobe
→anterior portion = planning, reasoning
→posterior portion = motor control
∙Temporal lobe
→anterior portion = higher order visual and auditory processing,
semantic processing
→medial portion = memory processing
→dorsal/posterior portion = hearing (injury can cause impaired
hearing/deafness)
∙Parietal lobe
→primary sensory area - nerve impulses related to pain, temperature,
touch and pressure
→attention, spatial processing
∙Occipital Lobe
→processing of visual information
⩥ Subcortical structures. Answer: remove this structure and you can still
do what the cortex wants to do, but not well
∙remove cortex, and you can't think/do higher level functions
, basal ganglia: motor control/reward/drug abuse
∙putamen (lateral): looks like "big knots"
∙caudate nucleus (caudal = tail): "c-shaped structure"
∙globus pallidus (medial): darker region within the "big knots"
∙thalamus: all the senses except smell stop here before proceeding into
hemispheres
Limbic system: motivation, memory, emotion
∙Hippocampus
→memory
→controls visceral nervous system (which stimulates contraction of
muscle fibers and glandular secretions of internal organs, regulates
appetite, thirst and temperature)
→controls hormonal secretions via pituitary
∙Amygdala
pineal gland = biological clock
⩥ Brainstem. Answer: midbrain: relay b/w cerebral cortex and spinal
cord, visual and auditory reflex patterns
pons: relay b/w cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
CHAPTERS 1-34 ACTUAL EXAM 2026 ALL
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Types of tissues in the nervous system. Answer: Gray matter: neuronal
cell bodies
∙in the brain = located on outer surfaces
∙in spinal cord = innermost tissue (what makes the butterfly)
White matter: glial cells and neuronal processes (Tracts)
∙in brain = located on inner portions of brain
∙in spinal cord = outermost tissue (what surrounds the butterfly)
⩥ Layers surround the brain. Answer: 3 meninges (outside → in): dura
mater → arachnoid mater → pia mater
∙dura mater: outer and inner layers, does not touch brain
∙arachnoid mater: does not touch brain
∙pia mater: attaches to brain
2 spaces
∙space b/w the two dura layers (2 sinuses)
,→superior/inerior sagittal sinus: contain blood from veins that will drain
into jugular veins (remember superior sagittal sinus when we talk about
spinal fluid)
∙subarachnoid space: b/w pia and arachnoid mater, contains blood
vessels
⩥ Terms of cerebrum/cortex. Answer: Sulcus/Fissues: allows or
increased area to hold more neurons/pathways (sulcus means "ditch")
∙longitudinal fissure = separates left and right hemisphere
∙central sulcus (Fissure of Rolando) = separates frontal lobe from
parietal lobe
∙lateral fissure = (Fissure of Sylvius) = separates temporal lobe from
frontal/parietal lobe
Gyri (pl.): wave-like curves of cortex, each gurus (singular) has a
particular function
∙precentral = motility → if stroke occurs here, movements will be
impaired but on contralateral side
∙postcentral
Commissure: connecting fiber tracts for communication in the brain
∙major commissure (corpus callosum): connects left and right
→stroke here will result in problems w/ communication of left and right
hemispheres
,∙don't confuse w/ tracts, which are tract and not usually able to visualize
Lobes: putting gyri together, each lobe has a different function
∙Frontal lobe
→anterior portion = planning, reasoning
→posterior portion = motor control
∙Temporal lobe
→anterior portion = higher order visual and auditory processing,
semantic processing
→medial portion = memory processing
→dorsal/posterior portion = hearing (injury can cause impaired
hearing/deafness)
∙Parietal lobe
→primary sensory area - nerve impulses related to pain, temperature,
touch and pressure
→attention, spatial processing
∙Occipital Lobe
→processing of visual information
⩥ Subcortical structures. Answer: remove this structure and you can still
do what the cortex wants to do, but not well
∙remove cortex, and you can't think/do higher level functions
, basal ganglia: motor control/reward/drug abuse
∙putamen (lateral): looks like "big knots"
∙caudate nucleus (caudal = tail): "c-shaped structure"
∙globus pallidus (medial): darker region within the "big knots"
∙thalamus: all the senses except smell stop here before proceeding into
hemispheres
Limbic system: motivation, memory, emotion
∙Hippocampus
→memory
→controls visceral nervous system (which stimulates contraction of
muscle fibers and glandular secretions of internal organs, regulates
appetite, thirst and temperature)
→controls hormonal secretions via pituitary
∙Amygdala
pineal gland = biological clock
⩥ Brainstem. Answer: midbrain: relay b/w cerebral cortex and spinal
cord, visual and auditory reflex patterns
pons: relay b/w cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
