CJE 3444 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
When did fear of crime become a topic of study - ANS 1960s
what is the manifestation of fear dependent on - ANS the persons involvement and the basis
for their anxiety
researchers report that how much of the population expresses a fear of crime - ANS 40-50%
research findings on relationships between victimization and fear of crime mixed - ANS true
level of fear in different demographics are highest for which groups - ANS - elderly
- urban residents
- women
why the disparity - ANS - vicarious victimization (knowing someone or hearing about
someone who has been the victim of a crime)
- differential perceptions of risk/vulnerability and incurred harm
- incivilities (physical [litter, graffiti, building decay], social [public drunk, loiters, vagrants]
residential [lack of control in the neighborhood]
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,UCR (Uniform Crime Reports) - ANS - part I crimes: violent crimes (murder, rape, robbery,
assault); property crimes (burglary, larceny, auto theft, arson)
- part II crimes: vandalism, embezzlement, fraud, every other crime (not included in the
computations and reported crime rates)
problems with UCR - ANS - voluntary
- individual officers can refrain from making arrests
- offenses that are not brought to police attention
Victimization surveys - ANS - prompted by president's commission on law enforcement and
the administration of justice in 1967
- surveys reflect that police data only accounted for half of the crime in society
- best known victimization survey (national crime victimization survey [NCVS])
Victimization issues - ANS - lack of knowledge of what constitutes various crimes on the part
of respondents
- respondent recall
- issues of question wording
level of crime - ANS whether at its peak or more moderate numbers, exceeds the limits of
what the criminal justice systemm can hope to handle
The NCVS shows that crime has been on the increase over the past decade. - ANS false
"An emotional response of dread or anxiety to crime or symbols that a person associates with
crime" defines: - ANS fear
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Research findings on the relationship between victimization and fear of crime are consistent -
ANS false
Incivility refers to physical and social factors involved in disorder and community decline. -
ANS true
The most widely used and cited official measure of crime in the U.S. is the: - ANS UCR
Official and victimization measures typically show that ______ of the population are victimized.
- ANS less than 10%
Compared to both official and victimization measures of crime, fear of crime is: - ANS higher
what does crime prevention entail - ANS any action designed to reduce the actual level of
crime and/or the perceived fear of crime
crime prevention and crime control are NOT synonymous - ANS true
crime control - ANS refers to maintenance of a given or existing level and the management of
that amount of behavior
control fails to sufficiently address the [problem of fear of crime - ANS true
historical perspectives on preventing crime - ANS - hammurabi's code
- lex talionis (eye for an eye)
- legitimized individual citizen action
- sought to correct harms of wrong behavior
obligatory policing - ANS the idea that all male citizens had to participate in policing functions
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
When did fear of crime become a topic of study - ANS 1960s
what is the manifestation of fear dependent on - ANS the persons involvement and the basis
for their anxiety
researchers report that how much of the population expresses a fear of crime - ANS 40-50%
research findings on relationships between victimization and fear of crime mixed - ANS true
level of fear in different demographics are highest for which groups - ANS - elderly
- urban residents
- women
why the disparity - ANS - vicarious victimization (knowing someone or hearing about
someone who has been the victim of a crime)
- differential perceptions of risk/vulnerability and incurred harm
- incivilities (physical [litter, graffiti, building decay], social [public drunk, loiters, vagrants]
residential [lack of control in the neighborhood]
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,UCR (Uniform Crime Reports) - ANS - part I crimes: violent crimes (murder, rape, robbery,
assault); property crimes (burglary, larceny, auto theft, arson)
- part II crimes: vandalism, embezzlement, fraud, every other crime (not included in the
computations and reported crime rates)
problems with UCR - ANS - voluntary
- individual officers can refrain from making arrests
- offenses that are not brought to police attention
Victimization surveys - ANS - prompted by president's commission on law enforcement and
the administration of justice in 1967
- surveys reflect that police data only accounted for half of the crime in society
- best known victimization survey (national crime victimization survey [NCVS])
Victimization issues - ANS - lack of knowledge of what constitutes various crimes on the part
of respondents
- respondent recall
- issues of question wording
level of crime - ANS whether at its peak or more moderate numbers, exceeds the limits of
what the criminal justice systemm can hope to handle
The NCVS shows that crime has been on the increase over the past decade. - ANS false
"An emotional response of dread or anxiety to crime or symbols that a person associates with
crime" defines: - ANS fear
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Research findings on the relationship between victimization and fear of crime are consistent -
ANS false
Incivility refers to physical and social factors involved in disorder and community decline. -
ANS true
The most widely used and cited official measure of crime in the U.S. is the: - ANS UCR
Official and victimization measures typically show that ______ of the population are victimized.
- ANS less than 10%
Compared to both official and victimization measures of crime, fear of crime is: - ANS higher
what does crime prevention entail - ANS any action designed to reduce the actual level of
crime and/or the perceived fear of crime
crime prevention and crime control are NOT synonymous - ANS true
crime control - ANS refers to maintenance of a given or existing level and the management of
that amount of behavior
control fails to sufficiently address the [problem of fear of crime - ANS true
historical perspectives on preventing crime - ANS - hammurabi's code
- lex talionis (eye for an eye)
- legitimized individual citizen action
- sought to correct harms of wrong behavior
obligatory policing - ANS the idea that all male citizens had to participate in policing functions
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
