Principles of pharmacology and
toxicology Test Questions with Solved
Solutions 2026 Updated.
Pharmacology - Answer the study of drugs and their actions and effects in body systems
Branches of pharmacology - Answer - pharmacotherapeutics
- pharmacokinetics
- pharmacodynamics
Pharmacotherapeutics - Answer - use of drugs for prevention and cure of disease: clinical
management of diseases
- the study of how drugs are best used and which drug is appropriate for a specific disease
Pharmacokinetics - Answer what the body does to drugs:
- study of the fate of drugs during and once ingested
- the variability of drug responses in varying patient population
- includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
Pharmacodynamics - Answer what drugs do to the body:
- study the mechanisms by which drugs act on the body
- the study of endogenous substances of similar capacity
Therapeutics - Answer what do we study under therapeutics?
- benefits of therapy:
the pharmacological effect should be of clinical value to patients
- problems with therapy:
due to same pharmacological effect on a separate system
due to an effect unrelated to the main pharmacological action
Placebos - Answer - inert or inactive substances given as treatment: psychological effect
often in conjunction with counselling
, - can't do any harm
- value in clinical trials
Risk - Answer - unacceptable, acceptable or negligible
- deliberate, imposed, unecessary
- public attitude tp risk confused: '100% safe', 'medicine should make me better', demand for
treatment
- confusion attenuated by: communication between patient and doctor, 'no fault' compensation
schemes, public awareness
Herbal remedies - Answer - many modern medicines developed fom traditional medicines
- cultural influences
- placebo effect?
- popular conception that they are not harmful: not subject to the same rigorous testing as 'real'
drugs, no guidelines for administration
When culture differences impinge on treatment - Answer - traditional remedies
- language problems: compliance
- sensitivity to diet, recovery aided by eating well
- religous objections
Self-treatment - Answer - over-the-counter medication: saves patient and doctors time,
pharmacist ususally required to offer simple advice
however:
- treatment of symptoms can mask underlying pathology
- can overdose either accidently or deliberately
Pharmacokinetics: ADME - Answer administration, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion of drugs are related to:
- concentration of drug
- drug's chemical by-products in various body sites
- time required for drug concentrations to develop or change
Two main forms of drug administration - Answer - enteral administration
toxicology Test Questions with Solved
Solutions 2026 Updated.
Pharmacology - Answer the study of drugs and their actions and effects in body systems
Branches of pharmacology - Answer - pharmacotherapeutics
- pharmacokinetics
- pharmacodynamics
Pharmacotherapeutics - Answer - use of drugs for prevention and cure of disease: clinical
management of diseases
- the study of how drugs are best used and which drug is appropriate for a specific disease
Pharmacokinetics - Answer what the body does to drugs:
- study of the fate of drugs during and once ingested
- the variability of drug responses in varying patient population
- includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
Pharmacodynamics - Answer what drugs do to the body:
- study the mechanisms by which drugs act on the body
- the study of endogenous substances of similar capacity
Therapeutics - Answer what do we study under therapeutics?
- benefits of therapy:
the pharmacological effect should be of clinical value to patients
- problems with therapy:
due to same pharmacological effect on a separate system
due to an effect unrelated to the main pharmacological action
Placebos - Answer - inert or inactive substances given as treatment: psychological effect
often in conjunction with counselling
, - can't do any harm
- value in clinical trials
Risk - Answer - unacceptable, acceptable or negligible
- deliberate, imposed, unecessary
- public attitude tp risk confused: '100% safe', 'medicine should make me better', demand for
treatment
- confusion attenuated by: communication between patient and doctor, 'no fault' compensation
schemes, public awareness
Herbal remedies - Answer - many modern medicines developed fom traditional medicines
- cultural influences
- placebo effect?
- popular conception that they are not harmful: not subject to the same rigorous testing as 'real'
drugs, no guidelines for administration
When culture differences impinge on treatment - Answer - traditional remedies
- language problems: compliance
- sensitivity to diet, recovery aided by eating well
- religous objections
Self-treatment - Answer - over-the-counter medication: saves patient and doctors time,
pharmacist ususally required to offer simple advice
however:
- treatment of symptoms can mask underlying pathology
- can overdose either accidently or deliberately
Pharmacokinetics: ADME - Answer administration, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion of drugs are related to:
- concentration of drug
- drug's chemical by-products in various body sites
- time required for drug concentrations to develop or change
Two main forms of drug administration - Answer - enteral administration
