NUTR 400 UNH Module 2 Exam
Questions and Answers 100% PASS
What are the levels of organization of the human body? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Chemical Level (of the human body) - CORRECT ANSWER-the atom is the
smallest portion of which an element can be divided into and still retain the
properties of that element. Teo or more atoms together forma. molecule. Many
molecules come together to form complex structures like glycogen and proteins
Atoms are the most stable when the valence shell (outermost shell) contains how
many electrons? - CORRECT ANSWER-8 electrons
An element is - CORRECT ANSWER-a pure substance made up of only one type
of atom
Ions are... - CORRECT ANSWER-atoms that have lost or gained an electron and
thus have a net positive or negative charge (cations and anions)
Redox Reactions (reduction oxidation) - CORRECT ANSWER-oxidation is when
molecule A transfers its electrons to molecule B. We then say that molecule A is
oxidized. When molecule B receives those electrons we call it a reduction.
,Free radicals - CORRECT ANSWER-molecules with unpaired electrons. This
makes them more susceptible to bonding and reactions with other atoms.
Antioxidants - CORRECT ANSWER-their main effect is protecting the body
against free radicals. They do this by donating an electron because they will not
become unstable when transferring electrons
What damage do free radicals cause? - CORRECT ANSWER-Free radicals cause
damage to proteins, DNA, lipids, etc. They bring on oxidative stress which can
cause in rapid aging, heart disease, cancer, arthitis, and neurodegenerative disease.
Chemical bonds are formed by...? - CORRECT ANSWER-the transfer or sharing
of electrons
An ionic bond is a bond in which the electrons are...? - CORRECT ANSWER-
transfered
A covalent bond is a bind in which the electrons are...? - CORRECT ANSWER-
shared between atoms
nonpolar covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER-a covalent bond in which the
electrons are SHARED EQUALLY by the two atoms
polar covalent bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-a covalent bond in which the
electrons are SHARED UNEQUALLY by the two atoms
Hydrophilic molecules - CORRECT ANSWER-polar molecules; love water! they
will dissolve in water ex: water soluble vitamins (vitamin B and vitamin C)
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law
, Hydrophobic molecules - CORRECT ANSWER-non-polar molecules; they do not
like water! they will not readily dissolve in water ex: fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
Acid - CORRECT ANSWER-higher concentration of hydrogen ions
Base - CORRECT ANSWER-lower concentration of hydrogen ions
pH scale - CORRECT ANSWER-a scale from 0-14 with 0 being the most acidic
and 14 being the most basic
Buffering Systems
Their function?
Found where?
Prevents ? - CORRECT ANSWER-buffers resist changes in pH within the blood.
They are found in the blood, the kidneys, and the lungs. Buffers resist acidosis and
or alkalosis.
Acidosis increases... - CORRECT ANSWER-the concentration of hydrogen ions,
causing headache, loss of appetite, starvation, and diabetes
Alkalosis increases - CORRECT ANSWER-basic concentration, brought on by
excessive vomiting, the overuse of laxatives/diuretics, and hyperventilating
Homeostasis refers to - CORRECT ANSWER-a state of equilibrium or balance
Cell Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-provides protection to the cell
The Smooth ER does what - CORRECT ANSWER-synthesizes lipids
Questions and Answers 100% PASS
What are the levels of organization of the human body? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Chemical Level (of the human body) - CORRECT ANSWER-the atom is the
smallest portion of which an element can be divided into and still retain the
properties of that element. Teo or more atoms together forma. molecule. Many
molecules come together to form complex structures like glycogen and proteins
Atoms are the most stable when the valence shell (outermost shell) contains how
many electrons? - CORRECT ANSWER-8 electrons
An element is - CORRECT ANSWER-a pure substance made up of only one type
of atom
Ions are... - CORRECT ANSWER-atoms that have lost or gained an electron and
thus have a net positive or negative charge (cations and anions)
Redox Reactions (reduction oxidation) - CORRECT ANSWER-oxidation is when
molecule A transfers its electrons to molecule B. We then say that molecule A is
oxidized. When molecule B receives those electrons we call it a reduction.
,Free radicals - CORRECT ANSWER-molecules with unpaired electrons. This
makes them more susceptible to bonding and reactions with other atoms.
Antioxidants - CORRECT ANSWER-their main effect is protecting the body
against free radicals. They do this by donating an electron because they will not
become unstable when transferring electrons
What damage do free radicals cause? - CORRECT ANSWER-Free radicals cause
damage to proteins, DNA, lipids, etc. They bring on oxidative stress which can
cause in rapid aging, heart disease, cancer, arthitis, and neurodegenerative disease.
Chemical bonds are formed by...? - CORRECT ANSWER-the transfer or sharing
of electrons
An ionic bond is a bond in which the electrons are...? - CORRECT ANSWER-
transfered
A covalent bond is a bind in which the electrons are...? - CORRECT ANSWER-
shared between atoms
nonpolar covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER-a covalent bond in which the
electrons are SHARED EQUALLY by the two atoms
polar covalent bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-a covalent bond in which the
electrons are SHARED UNEQUALLY by the two atoms
Hydrophilic molecules - CORRECT ANSWER-polar molecules; love water! they
will dissolve in water ex: water soluble vitamins (vitamin B and vitamin C)
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law
, Hydrophobic molecules - CORRECT ANSWER-non-polar molecules; they do not
like water! they will not readily dissolve in water ex: fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
Acid - CORRECT ANSWER-higher concentration of hydrogen ions
Base - CORRECT ANSWER-lower concentration of hydrogen ions
pH scale - CORRECT ANSWER-a scale from 0-14 with 0 being the most acidic
and 14 being the most basic
Buffering Systems
Their function?
Found where?
Prevents ? - CORRECT ANSWER-buffers resist changes in pH within the blood.
They are found in the blood, the kidneys, and the lungs. Buffers resist acidosis and
or alkalosis.
Acidosis increases... - CORRECT ANSWER-the concentration of hydrogen ions,
causing headache, loss of appetite, starvation, and diabetes
Alkalosis increases - CORRECT ANSWER-basic concentration, brought on by
excessive vomiting, the overuse of laxatives/diuretics, and hyperventilating
Homeostasis refers to - CORRECT ANSWER-a state of equilibrium or balance
Cell Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-provides protection to the cell
The Smooth ER does what - CORRECT ANSWER-synthesizes lipids
