CERTIFIED QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
ASSOCIATE FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Juran. Answer: -broadened definition of quality
-focus on change management
-cost of quality analysis
◉ Strategic Planning. Answer: the process of developing and
maintaining a strategic fit between the organization's goals and
capabilities and its changing marketing opportunities
◉ SIPOC. Answer: Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers
◉ The SIPOC model is a form of which quality tool?. Answer:
flowchart
◉ SIPOC diagram. Answer: A diagram that defines the boundaries of
a process and shows how its Suppliers, Inputs, Processes, Outputs,
and Customers affect process quality.
◉ Kanban. Answer: a manual system that signals the need for parts
or materials
,◉ Poka-yoke. Answer: mistake-proofing methods aimed at designing
fail-safe systems that minimize human error
◉ Shewhart Cycle. Answer: Plan, Do, Check, Act
◉ quality cost report. Answer: a report that details prevention costs,
appraisal costs, and the costs of internal and external failures
◉ Deming management. Answer: proposed ideas for making
organizations more responsive, more democratic, and less wasteful
◉ Kaizen. Answer: continuous improvement
◉ muda. Answer: waste and inefficiency
◉ forming stage. Answer: the first stage of group development in
which people join the group and then define the group's purpose,
structure, and leadership
◉ DMAIC. Answer: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
,◉ DMAIC. Answer: A six-sigma process: define, measure, analyze,
improve, and control.
◉ Pull System. Answer: a concept that results in material being
produced only when requested and moved to where it is needed just
as it is needed
◉ SWOT analysis key concern. Answer: Lack of objectivity in the
analysis
◉ Kaizen weakness. Answer: Does not produce breakthrough
improvements
◉ U Chart. Answer: Control Charts designed for tracking the number
of defects per unit for discrete data.
A classic example is to track the number of scratches on new smart
phone cases at a manufacturing facility.
◉ np chart. Answer: nP Charts are Control Charts designed for
tracking the number of defective items for discrete data in
consistently sized sub-groups.
, A classic example an nP Chart is to track the number of defective
products per lot shipped where the lot size was constant.
◉ p-chart. Answer: control chart for attributes, used to monitor the
proportion of defective items in a process
◉ x-bar chart. Answer: a quality control chart for variables that
indicates when changes occur in the central tendency of a
production process
◉ R-chart. Answer: a control chart that tracks the "range" within a
sample; it indicates that a gain or loss in uniformity has occurred in
dispersion of a production process
◉ Crosby. Answer: quality is free, zero defects
◉ Affinity Diagram. Answer: A technique that allows large numbers
of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis.
◉ Pareto Diagram. Answer: A Quality Control technique used to rank
importance of a problem based on its frequency of occurrence over
time. This diagram is based on the Pareto principle, more commonly
referred to as the 80/20 rule, which says that the majority of defects
are caused by a small set of problems.
ASSOCIATE FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Juran. Answer: -broadened definition of quality
-focus on change management
-cost of quality analysis
◉ Strategic Planning. Answer: the process of developing and
maintaining a strategic fit between the organization's goals and
capabilities and its changing marketing opportunities
◉ SIPOC. Answer: Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers
◉ The SIPOC model is a form of which quality tool?. Answer:
flowchart
◉ SIPOC diagram. Answer: A diagram that defines the boundaries of
a process and shows how its Suppliers, Inputs, Processes, Outputs,
and Customers affect process quality.
◉ Kanban. Answer: a manual system that signals the need for parts
or materials
,◉ Poka-yoke. Answer: mistake-proofing methods aimed at designing
fail-safe systems that minimize human error
◉ Shewhart Cycle. Answer: Plan, Do, Check, Act
◉ quality cost report. Answer: a report that details prevention costs,
appraisal costs, and the costs of internal and external failures
◉ Deming management. Answer: proposed ideas for making
organizations more responsive, more democratic, and less wasteful
◉ Kaizen. Answer: continuous improvement
◉ muda. Answer: waste and inefficiency
◉ forming stage. Answer: the first stage of group development in
which people join the group and then define the group's purpose,
structure, and leadership
◉ DMAIC. Answer: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
,◉ DMAIC. Answer: A six-sigma process: define, measure, analyze,
improve, and control.
◉ Pull System. Answer: a concept that results in material being
produced only when requested and moved to where it is needed just
as it is needed
◉ SWOT analysis key concern. Answer: Lack of objectivity in the
analysis
◉ Kaizen weakness. Answer: Does not produce breakthrough
improvements
◉ U Chart. Answer: Control Charts designed for tracking the number
of defects per unit for discrete data.
A classic example is to track the number of scratches on new smart
phone cases at a manufacturing facility.
◉ np chart. Answer: nP Charts are Control Charts designed for
tracking the number of defective items for discrete data in
consistently sized sub-groups.
, A classic example an nP Chart is to track the number of defective
products per lot shipped where the lot size was constant.
◉ p-chart. Answer: control chart for attributes, used to monitor the
proportion of defective items in a process
◉ x-bar chart. Answer: a quality control chart for variables that
indicates when changes occur in the central tendency of a
production process
◉ R-chart. Answer: a control chart that tracks the "range" within a
sample; it indicates that a gain or loss in uniformity has occurred in
dispersion of a production process
◉ Crosby. Answer: quality is free, zero defects
◉ Affinity Diagram. Answer: A technique that allows large numbers
of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis.
◉ Pareto Diagram. Answer: A Quality Control technique used to rank
importance of a problem based on its frequency of occurrence over
time. This diagram is based on the Pareto principle, more commonly
referred to as the 80/20 rule, which says that the majority of defects
are caused by a small set of problems.
