COMPLEX MED SURG EXAM 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What does a dysphagia assessment focus on? Answer: What type
of item is the pt. struggling with? L, S, both
The progression of dysphagia.
◉ What type of food do the elderly often struggle with more?
Answer: Liquids; food that contain firm items within liquids (soup)
◉ What are the interventions for dysphagia? Answer: - avoiding
liquids
-proper positioning
-verbal coaching
-adding thickeners to liquids
-upright position, leaning slightly forward with chin down
-placing food on the unaffected side
-reducing distractions
-cueing the person to swallow
,◉ Name at least 2 swallowing strategies to assisting a pt with
dysphagia. Answer: -utilizing gravity by maintaining proper
positioning
-enhance control by thickening liquids
◉ What are 2 environmental considerations for pt with dysphagia?
Answer: -minimize distractions during meals
-provide verbal cues and encouragement
◉ What is the proper percentage of total calories that should make
up carbs? Answer: 45-55
◉ 3 key things to consider with carbohydrates for Diabetes mellitus
Answer: -focus on complex carbs
-avoid sugar-sweetened beverages and empty calories
-consume at least 25g of fiber daily
◉ What is the proper percentage of total calories that should make
up fats? Answer: 30-40
◉ 4 key things to consider with fats for diabetes mellitus Answer: -
emphasize quality over quantity
-include monounsaturated fatty acids
-incorporate omega-3 fatty acids from fish or plant sources
,-limit trans facts, saturated fats, and cholesterol
◉ What is the proper percentage of total calories that should make
up Proteins? Answer: 15-20
◉ What is a heart healthy diet? Answer: -reduced saturated fats,
limited cholesterol, increased fiber, omega 3 fatty acids, reduced
sodium, lean protein, healthy fats, limit processed foods
◉ Name sources of potassium Answer: -bananas, oranges, melons,
potatoes with skin, spinach, broccoli, beans, lentils, peas, low-fat
milk, yogurtm nuts and seeds, fish, orange juice, coconut water,
tomato juice.
◉ what is a clear liquid diet? Answer: water, clear broths, clear fruit
juices, popsicles, sports drinks, pedialyte, clear sodas
◉ manifestations of dehydrations Answer: -increased hr
-weak peripheral pulse
-decreased bo
-poor skin tugor
-dry mucous membranes
- increased rr
-altered mental status
, -low grade fever
-decreased urine output
-wt loss
◉ name sources of complete proteins Answer: -meat
-poultry
-fish and seafood
-eggs
-milk
-cheese
-yogurt
-quinoa
-soy products
-buckwheat
-rice
-beans
-peanut butter
-lentils
-rice
◉ what is an appropriate snack for a toddler Answer: -bites sized
fruits and veggies,
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What does a dysphagia assessment focus on? Answer: What type
of item is the pt. struggling with? L, S, both
The progression of dysphagia.
◉ What type of food do the elderly often struggle with more?
Answer: Liquids; food that contain firm items within liquids (soup)
◉ What are the interventions for dysphagia? Answer: - avoiding
liquids
-proper positioning
-verbal coaching
-adding thickeners to liquids
-upright position, leaning slightly forward with chin down
-placing food on the unaffected side
-reducing distractions
-cueing the person to swallow
,◉ Name at least 2 swallowing strategies to assisting a pt with
dysphagia. Answer: -utilizing gravity by maintaining proper
positioning
-enhance control by thickening liquids
◉ What are 2 environmental considerations for pt with dysphagia?
Answer: -minimize distractions during meals
-provide verbal cues and encouragement
◉ What is the proper percentage of total calories that should make
up carbs? Answer: 45-55
◉ 3 key things to consider with carbohydrates for Diabetes mellitus
Answer: -focus on complex carbs
-avoid sugar-sweetened beverages and empty calories
-consume at least 25g of fiber daily
◉ What is the proper percentage of total calories that should make
up fats? Answer: 30-40
◉ 4 key things to consider with fats for diabetes mellitus Answer: -
emphasize quality over quantity
-include monounsaturated fatty acids
-incorporate omega-3 fatty acids from fish or plant sources
,-limit trans facts, saturated fats, and cholesterol
◉ What is the proper percentage of total calories that should make
up Proteins? Answer: 15-20
◉ What is a heart healthy diet? Answer: -reduced saturated fats,
limited cholesterol, increased fiber, omega 3 fatty acids, reduced
sodium, lean protein, healthy fats, limit processed foods
◉ Name sources of potassium Answer: -bananas, oranges, melons,
potatoes with skin, spinach, broccoli, beans, lentils, peas, low-fat
milk, yogurtm nuts and seeds, fish, orange juice, coconut water,
tomato juice.
◉ what is a clear liquid diet? Answer: water, clear broths, clear fruit
juices, popsicles, sports drinks, pedialyte, clear sodas
◉ manifestations of dehydrations Answer: -increased hr
-weak peripheral pulse
-decreased bo
-poor skin tugor
-dry mucous membranes
- increased rr
-altered mental status
, -low grade fever
-decreased urine output
-wt loss
◉ name sources of complete proteins Answer: -meat
-poultry
-fish and seafood
-eggs
-milk
-cheese
-yogurt
-quinoa
-soy products
-buckwheat
-rice
-beans
-peanut butter
-lentils
-rice
◉ what is an appropriate snack for a toddler Answer: -bites sized
fruits and veggies,
