lOMoARcPSD|51776212
PVL3704 - EXAM PACK
2026
A+
EXAMS AND NOTES
2026
0
, lOMoARcPSD|51776212
MAY/JUNE 2025
October/November 2025
MAY/JUNE 2024
October/November 2024
October/November 2023
October/November 2022
MAY/JUNE 2016
OCT/NOV 2015
MAY/JUNE 2015
OCT/NOV 2014
ALL STUDY NOTES
, lOMoARcPSD|51776212
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
October/November 2023
PVL3704
Enrichment Liability and Estoppel
30 OCTOBER 2023
08H00-11h00 (3 Hours)
100 Marks
First examiner: Mr KA Seanego
Second examiner: Prof JC Knobel
This paper consists of eight (8) pages.
This is a closed-book examination
INSTRUCTIONS FOR A TAKE-HOME EXAM
PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE
ANSWERING THE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
1. The examination question paper counts 100 marks.
, lOMoARcPSD|51776212
2. It consists of 7 of questions. Answer ALL of the questions.
3. The duration of the examination on the timetable is 3 hours.
4. In addition to the duration of the examination indicated on the timetable, you
are given 30 minutes to FINALISE the uploading of your exam file. Your exam file
must be uploaded
QUESTION 1
Write a critical discussion on the existence of a general enrichment action in South African law.
(15)
QUESTION 2
Company A is under the mistaken impression that it owes R50,000 to Company B and pays this
amount again. However, the amount has already been paid to B by A's bookkeeper. B, who is
unaware that the amount has been paid twice has used the money to pay the monthly wages of
R25,000. It has also paid a bonus of R10,000 to each of its two directors. A now wants to claim
the money from B. Advise A on the relevant action that it should use, the requirements for that
action as well as on any defences that may be raised by B. (15)
QUESTION 3
X is an employee of Company Y. X is paid a monthly salary of R30,000 which is payable at the
end of the month. During July 2023 X receives a very lucrative offer from Company Z provided
he can start work immediately. X does not return to his employment with Y after 20 July 2023. Y
PVL3704 - EXAM PACK
2026
A+
EXAMS AND NOTES
2026
0
, lOMoARcPSD|51776212
MAY/JUNE 2025
October/November 2025
MAY/JUNE 2024
October/November 2024
October/November 2023
October/November 2022
MAY/JUNE 2016
OCT/NOV 2015
MAY/JUNE 2015
OCT/NOV 2014
ALL STUDY NOTES
, lOMoARcPSD|51776212
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
October/November 2023
PVL3704
Enrichment Liability and Estoppel
30 OCTOBER 2023
08H00-11h00 (3 Hours)
100 Marks
First examiner: Mr KA Seanego
Second examiner: Prof JC Knobel
This paper consists of eight (8) pages.
This is a closed-book examination
INSTRUCTIONS FOR A TAKE-HOME EXAM
PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE
ANSWERING THE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
1. The examination question paper counts 100 marks.
, lOMoARcPSD|51776212
2. It consists of 7 of questions. Answer ALL of the questions.
3. The duration of the examination on the timetable is 3 hours.
4. In addition to the duration of the examination indicated on the timetable, you
are given 30 minutes to FINALISE the uploading of your exam file. Your exam file
must be uploaded
QUESTION 1
Write a critical discussion on the existence of a general enrichment action in South African law.
(15)
QUESTION 2
Company A is under the mistaken impression that it owes R50,000 to Company B and pays this
amount again. However, the amount has already been paid to B by A's bookkeeper. B, who is
unaware that the amount has been paid twice has used the money to pay the monthly wages of
R25,000. It has also paid a bonus of R10,000 to each of its two directors. A now wants to claim
the money from B. Advise A on the relevant action that it should use, the requirements for that
action as well as on any defences that may be raised by B. (15)
QUESTION 3
X is an employee of Company Y. X is paid a monthly salary of R30,000 which is payable at the
end of the month. During July 2023 X receives a very lucrative offer from Company Z provided
he can start work immediately. X does not return to his employment with Y after 20 July 2023. Y
