USU COMD 4500 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
NPO - Answers -nothing by mouth (nil per os)
Non-oral feeding options - Answers -nasogastric tube
PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy)
TPN (total pareneral nutrition)
dietary modifications for dysphagia - Answers -when dysphagia is severe and other
strategies aren't working
puree foods and or thicken
behavioral treatment of dysphagia - Answers -can be implemented immed. and useful
for temporary dysphagia
change bolus volume or viscosity
posture adjustments
thermal tactile stim
active therapy (tight breath hold, prolong larynx elevation, increase muscle effort
mechanical dysphagia esophageal phase - Answers -physical constriction or blockage
mechanical dysphagia oral phase - Answers --difficulty forming, moving bolus
-may need to change food textures
mechanical dysphagia - Answers --Trauma or surgery
-Loss of oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal structures
-May result in weakness and/or sensory deficits
neurologic dysphagia oral phase - Answers --poor chewing, bolus formation
-weakness prevents bolus propulsion
-residue in the mouth
-premature spilling of liquids into pharynx
oral phase of swallowing - Answers -The voluntary part of swallowing where the tongue
pushes a bolus up and back toward the pharynx.
stages of recovery RLA 2-3 - Answers -work to est. yes/no response
RLA 4-5 intermediate - Answers -training on attention focus, basic social skills
RLA later 6-7 - Answers -functional abilities outside clinic, communicate in spite of
distractions
side effects TBI in children - Answers -language may be in tact
pragmatic deficits (humor, sarcasm, social interactions)
, motor function improves more than cognition
injury may limit further dev
earlier injury linked to poorer comm dev
Assessment of TBI in children - Answers -informal testing over standardized testing is
preferred
discourse analysis can reveal information
TBI can be a subset of - Answers -hypoxia, stroke, infection, tumors
Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) - Answers -Diffuse brain injury that is caused by stretching,
shearing, or tearing of nerve fibers with subsequent axonal damage.
intracranial pressure - Answers -pressure inside the skull, can be caused by injury
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - Answers -scale used to assess the level of
consciousness
eye opening 1-4
motor response 1-6
verbal response 1-5
3 scores are added together
severe 3-8
mod 9-12
mild 13-15
Rancho Los Amigos Scale - Answers -I-nonresponsive; II, III- decreased response; IV,
V, VI- confused; VII-VIII-appropriate levels
pragmatic difficulties from TBI - Answers -social contexts
turn taking
prefrontal cortex damage
filter and appropriateness in convo
irony or sarcasm
how does a TBI differ from aphasia - Answers -no recognizable subtypes
site and size of lesion vary
confabulations (makes things up to fill in gaps)
impairments may be subtle and missed by a test
Dementia vs Delirium - Answers -Dementia- slow and non-reversible
Delirium- sudden and can be reversed
Dementia - Answers -a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory,
thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes
dementia demographics - Answers -5.7 in US, 60-70% of them have AD
NPO - Answers -nothing by mouth (nil per os)
Non-oral feeding options - Answers -nasogastric tube
PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy)
TPN (total pareneral nutrition)
dietary modifications for dysphagia - Answers -when dysphagia is severe and other
strategies aren't working
puree foods and or thicken
behavioral treatment of dysphagia - Answers -can be implemented immed. and useful
for temporary dysphagia
change bolus volume or viscosity
posture adjustments
thermal tactile stim
active therapy (tight breath hold, prolong larynx elevation, increase muscle effort
mechanical dysphagia esophageal phase - Answers -physical constriction or blockage
mechanical dysphagia oral phase - Answers --difficulty forming, moving bolus
-may need to change food textures
mechanical dysphagia - Answers --Trauma or surgery
-Loss of oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal structures
-May result in weakness and/or sensory deficits
neurologic dysphagia oral phase - Answers --poor chewing, bolus formation
-weakness prevents bolus propulsion
-residue in the mouth
-premature spilling of liquids into pharynx
oral phase of swallowing - Answers -The voluntary part of swallowing where the tongue
pushes a bolus up and back toward the pharynx.
stages of recovery RLA 2-3 - Answers -work to est. yes/no response
RLA 4-5 intermediate - Answers -training on attention focus, basic social skills
RLA later 6-7 - Answers -functional abilities outside clinic, communicate in spite of
distractions
side effects TBI in children - Answers -language may be in tact
pragmatic deficits (humor, sarcasm, social interactions)
, motor function improves more than cognition
injury may limit further dev
earlier injury linked to poorer comm dev
Assessment of TBI in children - Answers -informal testing over standardized testing is
preferred
discourse analysis can reveal information
TBI can be a subset of - Answers -hypoxia, stroke, infection, tumors
Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) - Answers -Diffuse brain injury that is caused by stretching,
shearing, or tearing of nerve fibers with subsequent axonal damage.
intracranial pressure - Answers -pressure inside the skull, can be caused by injury
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - Answers -scale used to assess the level of
consciousness
eye opening 1-4
motor response 1-6
verbal response 1-5
3 scores are added together
severe 3-8
mod 9-12
mild 13-15
Rancho Los Amigos Scale - Answers -I-nonresponsive; II, III- decreased response; IV,
V, VI- confused; VII-VIII-appropriate levels
pragmatic difficulties from TBI - Answers -social contexts
turn taking
prefrontal cortex damage
filter and appropriateness in convo
irony or sarcasm
how does a TBI differ from aphasia - Answers -no recognizable subtypes
site and size of lesion vary
confabulations (makes things up to fill in gaps)
impairments may be subtle and missed by a test
Dementia vs Delirium - Answers -Dementia- slow and non-reversible
Delirium- sudden and can be reversed
Dementia - Answers -a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory,
thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes
dementia demographics - Answers -5.7 in US, 60-70% of them have AD
