FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM | NEW 2026 UPDATE | ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
minimum urine output for adult Answer - 0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Answer - - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway Answer - - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and
increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) Answer - - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
,*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure Answer - - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary
wall and into the tissue spaces
colloid osmotic pressure Answer - - pulling force of albumin in the
intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
maintenance fluid therapy Answer - - replaces normal ongoing losses of water
and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
replacement therapy Answer - - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte
deficits
isotonic fluids Answer - - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
hypotonic fluids Answer - - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature
than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
, - 0.45NS
hypertonic fluid Answer - - higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature
than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
colloids Answer - - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
blood Answer - - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
third spacing Answer - - fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not
available for use in the intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in
between tissues/cells)
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
minimum urine output for adult Answer - 0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Answer - - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway Answer - - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and
increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) Answer - - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
,*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure Answer - - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary
wall and into the tissue spaces
colloid osmotic pressure Answer - - pulling force of albumin in the
intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
maintenance fluid therapy Answer - - replaces normal ongoing losses of water
and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
replacement therapy Answer - - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte
deficits
isotonic fluids Answer - - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
hypotonic fluids Answer - - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature
than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
, - 0.45NS
hypertonic fluid Answer - - higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature
than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
colloids Answer - - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
blood Answer - - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
third spacing Answer - - fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not
available for use in the intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in
between tissues/cells)
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
