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NUR 163 EXAM 1 REVIEW (Week 1-4)
Communication
Therapeutic Communication: A conscious and deliberate process used to gather information
related to a patient’s
o overall health status
o Silence
o listening
o Accepting
o Offering self
o Seeking clarification
Assertive Communication: The ability to respectfully express concerns about issues that have
the potential to impact patient safety and to share opinions with other staff, including those in
authority.
o Clearly and confidently
o Maintains eye contact
o Speaks firmly
o Aims to express needs
Nonverbal communication
o Silence
o Appearance
o Body movements
o Eye contact
PAIN CAN BE A COMMUNICATION BARRIER
When doing patient teaching the best method to access patient understanding is the teach
back method.
Adherence:
Cooperation compliance, adhering to plan of pare, helps decrease the risks of complications.
o Patients with limited functional ability may have difficulty adhering to plan of care.
o Patients with diabetes may have difficulty adhering to the plan of care.
o Try to avoid accusing or blaming patients if they fail to adhere the plan of care.
Safety and Nonadherence Issues
o Cognitive and sensory limitations
o Difficulty keeping track of multiple medication
1
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o Special precautions and complicated time schedules
o To reduce the risk of noncompliance, nurse should encourage older adults to talk to the
physician to see another safe way to reduce the number of medications taken
Techniques That Improve Safety and Compliance
o Associating medication schedules with regular daily events
o Explain the importance of preparing medication in a well-lit area
o Ensure that containers are properly labeled
o Apply color codes, tape strips, pictures, or textures to containers to help adults recognize
them
Injury Risks for Older Adults
o Impaired physical mobility
o Sensory deficits
o Lack of knowledge of health practices or safety precautions
o Hazardous environment
o History of accidents or injuries
o Toileting your patient at regular intervals can decrease the risk of falls.
o Patients who use ambulatory devices are high fall risks
Joint commission puts out the annual national safety patient goals (NPSG)
Primary Care Prevention
o To protect patients from developing diseases.
o Immunization
o Regular exercise
o Good nutrition
Secondary Care Prevention
o Catch the disease/diagnosis
o Screenings
Tertiary Care Prevention
o Treating the disease
Types of Exercise
o Weight bearing is beneficial (prevents osteoporosis)
o Swimming (ease on the joints)
o Recommended time to exercise for Geriatric Patients is 30 minutes
2
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Prior to starting a new exercise regimen for an older adult want to access oxygen
saturation, respiratory effort, baseline heart rate, test muscle strength and access the
patient’s motivation
Benefits of Diets
o Keeps joints flexible
o Maintain muscle
o Decrease blood sugar level
o Heart health
o Maintain healthy weight
o Increase sense of well-being
Nutrition Calories Requirement: A minimum of 1,200 per day
WATER
Fluid overload, also known as hypervolemia occurs when the body has too much
fluid. Symptoms may include:
o Edema, or swelling
o Shortness of breath:
o High blood pressure:
o Rapid weight gain:
o Nausea and vomiting:
o Confusion or disorientation:
o Increased urine output
Fluid deficiency
Hypovolemia is a condition where the body has an abnormally low volume of fluids, particularly
blood
o Early sign: Feeling thirsty is the first noticeable sign of dehydration.
o Urine color: Dark yellow or concentrated urine indicates fluid loss.
o Skin changes: Dry, wrinkled skin and decreased skin elasticity can occur.
o Head and eyes: Headache, dizziness, and sunken eyes are common symptoms.
o Mental status: Confusion, irritability, and drowsiness can occur in severe dehydration.
Min output daily is 720
Average Daily output is 2,000-3,000
MINERALS
CALCIUM
Nutritional Sources of Calcium
3
NUR 163 EXAM 1 REVIEW (Week 1-4)
Communication
Therapeutic Communication: A conscious and deliberate process used to gather information
related to a patient’s
o overall health status
o Silence
o listening
o Accepting
o Offering self
o Seeking clarification
Assertive Communication: The ability to respectfully express concerns about issues that have
the potential to impact patient safety and to share opinions with other staff, including those in
authority.
o Clearly and confidently
o Maintains eye contact
o Speaks firmly
o Aims to express needs
Nonverbal communication
o Silence
o Appearance
o Body movements
o Eye contact
PAIN CAN BE A COMMUNICATION BARRIER
When doing patient teaching the best method to access patient understanding is the teach
back method.
Adherence:
Cooperation compliance, adhering to plan of pare, helps decrease the risks of complications.
o Patients with limited functional ability may have difficulty adhering to plan of care.
o Patients with diabetes may have difficulty adhering to the plan of care.
o Try to avoid accusing or blaming patients if they fail to adhere the plan of care.
Safety and Nonadherence Issues
o Cognitive and sensory limitations
o Difficulty keeping track of multiple medication
1
, //.stuvia.////doc///2026//2027.100%A+.
o Special precautions and complicated time schedules
o To reduce the risk of noncompliance, nurse should encourage older adults to talk to the
physician to see another safe way to reduce the number of medications taken
Techniques That Improve Safety and Compliance
o Associating medication schedules with regular daily events
o Explain the importance of preparing medication in a well-lit area
o Ensure that containers are properly labeled
o Apply color codes, tape strips, pictures, or textures to containers to help adults recognize
them
Injury Risks for Older Adults
o Impaired physical mobility
o Sensory deficits
o Lack of knowledge of health practices or safety precautions
o Hazardous environment
o History of accidents or injuries
o Toileting your patient at regular intervals can decrease the risk of falls.
o Patients who use ambulatory devices are high fall risks
Joint commission puts out the annual national safety patient goals (NPSG)
Primary Care Prevention
o To protect patients from developing diseases.
o Immunization
o Regular exercise
o Good nutrition
Secondary Care Prevention
o Catch the disease/diagnosis
o Screenings
Tertiary Care Prevention
o Treating the disease
Types of Exercise
o Weight bearing is beneficial (prevents osteoporosis)
o Swimming (ease on the joints)
o Recommended time to exercise for Geriatric Patients is 30 minutes
2
, //.stuvia.////doc///2026//2027.100%A+.
Prior to starting a new exercise regimen for an older adult want to access oxygen
saturation, respiratory effort, baseline heart rate, test muscle strength and access the
patient’s motivation
Benefits of Diets
o Keeps joints flexible
o Maintain muscle
o Decrease blood sugar level
o Heart health
o Maintain healthy weight
o Increase sense of well-being
Nutrition Calories Requirement: A minimum of 1,200 per day
WATER
Fluid overload, also known as hypervolemia occurs when the body has too much
fluid. Symptoms may include:
o Edema, or swelling
o Shortness of breath:
o High blood pressure:
o Rapid weight gain:
o Nausea and vomiting:
o Confusion or disorientation:
o Increased urine output
Fluid deficiency
Hypovolemia is a condition where the body has an abnormally low volume of fluids, particularly
blood
o Early sign: Feeling thirsty is the first noticeable sign of dehydration.
o Urine color: Dark yellow or concentrated urine indicates fluid loss.
o Skin changes: Dry, wrinkled skin and decreased skin elasticity can occur.
o Head and eyes: Headache, dizziness, and sunken eyes are common symptoms.
o Mental status: Confusion, irritability, and drowsiness can occur in severe dehydration.
Min output daily is 720
Average Daily output is 2,000-3,000
MINERALS
CALCIUM
Nutritional Sources of Calcium
3
