Page 0 of 23
TEAS
TEACHING AND LEARNING IN POST SECONDARY
SETTINGS (CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY,
LONG BEACH)
EXAM 7
SCIENCE AND AP INSIGHTS
,TEAS 7 Study Guide
Science: A&P
➢ Body cavities (cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, spinal cavity, pelvic cavity)
○ 2 main cavities: dorsal cavity (posterior, includes brain + spinal cord) + ventral cavity
(anterior, includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities)
➢ Body planes (sagittal - vertical L&R, midsagittal - type of sagittal but equal L&R halves,
coronal/frontal - anterior & posterior, transverse/horizontal - superior & inferior)
➢ Common terms: cephalic, palmar, pollex, coccygeal, manual, dorsum, acromial, mammary
➢ Cardiovascular System
○ Function: Movement of blood and lymph around the body, which permits nutrient
distribution, waste removal, communication, and protection
○ Arteries → to where?
■ aorta (whole body), coronary (heart), carotid (head/neck),
■ subclavian (arms/chest), common iliac (pelvis/legs), renal (kidneys)
○ Veins → from where? *key difference from arteries -- veins have valves
■ Vena cava (from body to heart), jugular (from head/neck), subclavian
(arms/chest)
■ Hepatic portal vein (from digestive organs to the liver)
■ Common iliac vein (from pelvis and legs), renal (from kidneys)
○ 2 atria (upper halves that receive blood into heart)
○ 2 ventricles (lower half of heart where blood pumped out)
○ Valves (tricuspid, mitral/bicuspid, pulmonic, aortic)
■ Tricuspid: betw. R atrium + R ventricle
■ Pulmonary: from R. ventricle to pulmonary artery to lungs
■ Bicuspid/mitral: betw. L. atrium + L. ventricle
■ Aortic: grand exit door betw. L. ventricle and aort a
○ Blood flow through heart + system
■ 1. Entry thru sup. + inf. vena cava
■ 2. R. atrium to tricuspid valve to R. ventricle
■ 3. To pulmonary artery to lungs
■ 4. Oxygenation in lungs
■ 5. Back to heart
■ 6. L. atrium to bicuspid/mitral valve to L. ventricl e
■ 7. To aortic valve into aorta + out to body
○ The cardiac system
■ Systole - contraction of heart chambers, blood pumped out
■ Diastole - relaxation of heart chambers, fill with blood
■ Blood pressure = systole / diastole
, ■ 3 phases: (phase 1 - rest phase: heart relaxed/in diastole and pressure is greater
in atria than in ventricles → AV valves aka bicuspid + tricuspid valves open +
semilunar valves aka pulmonic and aortic valves to close, phase 2 - atria
contract, AV valves are still open + semilunar valves are still closed, phase 3 -
increased pressure in ventricles --? AV valves close + semilunar valves open
■ “Lub” “dub” - two sounds in most healthy adults
■ SA (sinoatrial) Node: located in R. atrium
■ Purkinje Fibers: relay electrical signals to ventricles to contract & can act as a
pacemaker if needed
○ ECGs
■ P wave: first wave that represents atrial depolarization
■ Atria contraction 25 ms after beginning of P wave
■ QRS complex: ventricle depolarization
■ T wave: ventricular repolarization
■ *prolonged P-R interval can indicate conduction problem
■ *Q-T interval represents ventricular systole, a prolonged Q-T interval might
mean heart damage/electrolyte
○ Cardiac output
■ Stroke volume: amount of blood pumped out from the left ventricle from one
contraction
■ Cardiac output: amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute
■ Cardiac output (CO) = Stroke volume (SV) * Heart rate (HR -- bpm) = SV * HR
■ SVT = End diastolic volume (amt of blood in ventricle just before contraction
EDV) - end systolic volume (amt of blood remaining in the ventricle after
contraction ESV) = EDV - ESV
■ Starling’s law of the heart: degree of stretch of ventricular walls, or preload, is
proportional to stroke volume
○ Cardiovascular diseases
■ Myocardial Infarction: Heart attack; Death of the heart muscle due to
inadequate blood supply
■ Stroke: "Brain Attack." Damage to the brain due to inadequate blood supply
■ Aneurysm: Localized abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall that causes an
outward bulging,
■ likened to a bubble or balloon. Hemorrhage occurs when it bursts.
■ Atherosclerosis: Narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup on artery walls
■ Anemia: Not enough healthy RBC
■ Arrhythmia: Abnormal heart rhythm
● Tachycardia: Too fast
● Bradycardia: Too slow
■ Hypertension: High blood pressure. Systole is over 140 mmHg; Diastole is over
90 mmHg
TEAS
TEACHING AND LEARNING IN POST SECONDARY
SETTINGS (CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY,
LONG BEACH)
EXAM 7
SCIENCE AND AP INSIGHTS
,TEAS 7 Study Guide
Science: A&P
➢ Body cavities (cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, spinal cavity, pelvic cavity)
○ 2 main cavities: dorsal cavity (posterior, includes brain + spinal cord) + ventral cavity
(anterior, includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities)
➢ Body planes (sagittal - vertical L&R, midsagittal - type of sagittal but equal L&R halves,
coronal/frontal - anterior & posterior, transverse/horizontal - superior & inferior)
➢ Common terms: cephalic, palmar, pollex, coccygeal, manual, dorsum, acromial, mammary
➢ Cardiovascular System
○ Function: Movement of blood and lymph around the body, which permits nutrient
distribution, waste removal, communication, and protection
○ Arteries → to where?
■ aorta (whole body), coronary (heart), carotid (head/neck),
■ subclavian (arms/chest), common iliac (pelvis/legs), renal (kidneys)
○ Veins → from where? *key difference from arteries -- veins have valves
■ Vena cava (from body to heart), jugular (from head/neck), subclavian
(arms/chest)
■ Hepatic portal vein (from digestive organs to the liver)
■ Common iliac vein (from pelvis and legs), renal (from kidneys)
○ 2 atria (upper halves that receive blood into heart)
○ 2 ventricles (lower half of heart where blood pumped out)
○ Valves (tricuspid, mitral/bicuspid, pulmonic, aortic)
■ Tricuspid: betw. R atrium + R ventricle
■ Pulmonary: from R. ventricle to pulmonary artery to lungs
■ Bicuspid/mitral: betw. L. atrium + L. ventricle
■ Aortic: grand exit door betw. L. ventricle and aort a
○ Blood flow through heart + system
■ 1. Entry thru sup. + inf. vena cava
■ 2. R. atrium to tricuspid valve to R. ventricle
■ 3. To pulmonary artery to lungs
■ 4. Oxygenation in lungs
■ 5. Back to heart
■ 6. L. atrium to bicuspid/mitral valve to L. ventricl e
■ 7. To aortic valve into aorta + out to body
○ The cardiac system
■ Systole - contraction of heart chambers, blood pumped out
■ Diastole - relaxation of heart chambers, fill with blood
■ Blood pressure = systole / diastole
, ■ 3 phases: (phase 1 - rest phase: heart relaxed/in diastole and pressure is greater
in atria than in ventricles → AV valves aka bicuspid + tricuspid valves open +
semilunar valves aka pulmonic and aortic valves to close, phase 2 - atria
contract, AV valves are still open + semilunar valves are still closed, phase 3 -
increased pressure in ventricles --? AV valves close + semilunar valves open
■ “Lub” “dub” - two sounds in most healthy adults
■ SA (sinoatrial) Node: located in R. atrium
■ Purkinje Fibers: relay electrical signals to ventricles to contract & can act as a
pacemaker if needed
○ ECGs
■ P wave: first wave that represents atrial depolarization
■ Atria contraction 25 ms after beginning of P wave
■ QRS complex: ventricle depolarization
■ T wave: ventricular repolarization
■ *prolonged P-R interval can indicate conduction problem
■ *Q-T interval represents ventricular systole, a prolonged Q-T interval might
mean heart damage/electrolyte
○ Cardiac output
■ Stroke volume: amount of blood pumped out from the left ventricle from one
contraction
■ Cardiac output: amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in 1 minute
■ Cardiac output (CO) = Stroke volume (SV) * Heart rate (HR -- bpm) = SV * HR
■ SVT = End diastolic volume (amt of blood in ventricle just before contraction
EDV) - end systolic volume (amt of blood remaining in the ventricle after
contraction ESV) = EDV - ESV
■ Starling’s law of the heart: degree of stretch of ventricular walls, or preload, is
proportional to stroke volume
○ Cardiovascular diseases
■ Myocardial Infarction: Heart attack; Death of the heart muscle due to
inadequate blood supply
■ Stroke: "Brain Attack." Damage to the brain due to inadequate blood supply
■ Aneurysm: Localized abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall that causes an
outward bulging,
■ likened to a bubble or balloon. Hemorrhage occurs when it bursts.
■ Atherosclerosis: Narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup on artery walls
■ Anemia: Not enough healthy RBC
■ Arrhythmia: Abnormal heart rhythm
● Tachycardia: Too fast
● Bradycardia: Too slow
■ Hypertension: High blood pressure. Systole is over 140 mmHg; Diastole is over
90 mmHg
