UAMS MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 EXAM SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Transposons. Answer: -DNA pieces that move readily from one
site to another either within or between the DNAs of bacteria,
plasmids, and bacteriophages
-code for antibiotic resistance
◉ Which genus form endospores?. Answer: Bacillus
Clostridium
*Bacillus rods*
Gram positive
◉ SPores traits. Answer: - KIlled only above 121 °C
-live many years
-no metabolic activity
-ONLY sporicidal disinfectant works
-cause tetanus and gas gangrene
◉ Which part of spore causes resistance?. Answer: dipicolinic acid
,a calcium ion chelator found only in spores
◉ What diseases can be caused by spores?. Answer: tetanus
gas gangrene
◉ A bacteria without a capsule is ____.. Answer: nonpathogenic
◉ What features help bacteria attach to human cell?. Answer: -
capsule
-pili
◉ Flagella may allow some bacteria species to cause _____ . Flagella
also allow laboratories to identify _____.. Answer: UTI
specific antibodies
◉ The _____ bacterial component exhibits the most antigenic
variation. Answer: Capsule
◉ Pili usually found on which bacteria?. Answer: gram negative
◉ Glycocalyx is aka as ______. Answer: slime layer
, ◉ Glycocalyx adheres firmly to which structures?. Answer: skin
heart valves
prosthetic joints
IV catheters
teeth
◉ Bacteria have capsules composed of ______.. Answer:
Polysaccharide
◉ Gram staining procedure. Answer: (1) The crystal violet dye stains
all cells blue/purple.
(2) Iodine solution forms crystal violet-iodine complex; all cells
continue to appear blue.
(3) Organic solvent, (acetone or ethanol) extracts blue dye complex
from the gram-negative bacteria more than from gram-positive
bacteria; gram-negative organisms appear colorless; gram-positive
bacteria remain blue. (4) Red dye safranin stains gram-negative cells
red/pink; the gram-positive bacteria remain blue.
◉ Medically important bacteria that CANNOT be seen in gram stain.
Answer: -Mycobacteria
-Treponema pallidium
-mycoplasma
-Legionella pneumophila
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Transposons. Answer: -DNA pieces that move readily from one
site to another either within or between the DNAs of bacteria,
plasmids, and bacteriophages
-code for antibiotic resistance
◉ Which genus form endospores?. Answer: Bacillus
Clostridium
*Bacillus rods*
Gram positive
◉ SPores traits. Answer: - KIlled only above 121 °C
-live many years
-no metabolic activity
-ONLY sporicidal disinfectant works
-cause tetanus and gas gangrene
◉ Which part of spore causes resistance?. Answer: dipicolinic acid
,a calcium ion chelator found only in spores
◉ What diseases can be caused by spores?. Answer: tetanus
gas gangrene
◉ A bacteria without a capsule is ____.. Answer: nonpathogenic
◉ What features help bacteria attach to human cell?. Answer: -
capsule
-pili
◉ Flagella may allow some bacteria species to cause _____ . Flagella
also allow laboratories to identify _____.. Answer: UTI
specific antibodies
◉ The _____ bacterial component exhibits the most antigenic
variation. Answer: Capsule
◉ Pili usually found on which bacteria?. Answer: gram negative
◉ Glycocalyx is aka as ______. Answer: slime layer
, ◉ Glycocalyx adheres firmly to which structures?. Answer: skin
heart valves
prosthetic joints
IV catheters
teeth
◉ Bacteria have capsules composed of ______.. Answer:
Polysaccharide
◉ Gram staining procedure. Answer: (1) The crystal violet dye stains
all cells blue/purple.
(2) Iodine solution forms crystal violet-iodine complex; all cells
continue to appear blue.
(3) Organic solvent, (acetone or ethanol) extracts blue dye complex
from the gram-negative bacteria more than from gram-positive
bacteria; gram-negative organisms appear colorless; gram-positive
bacteria remain blue. (4) Red dye safranin stains gram-negative cells
red/pink; the gram-positive bacteria remain blue.
◉ Medically important bacteria that CANNOT be seen in gram stain.
Answer: -Mycobacteria
-Treponema pallidium
-mycoplasma
-Legionella pneumophila
