ESRM 100 EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
What is the trophic level sequence from bottom to top?
A) Producers --> Primary consumers --> Secondary consumers --> Tertiary consumers
B) Primary consumers --> Secondary consumers --> Tertiary consumers --> Producers
C) Tertiary consumers --> Secondary consumers --> Primary consumers --> Producers
D) Secondary consumers --> Primary consumers --> Producers --> Tertiary consumers
- Answers -A) Producers --> Primary consumers --> Secondary consumers --> Tertiary
consumers
At present, Earth's human population is
A) stable
B) declining
C) increasing exponentially
D) increasing at a constant rate - Answers -c) increasing exponentially
The phenomenon in which the algae inside the corals die is
A) called coral bleaching
B) no longer occurring
C) not causing any negative ecosystem effects
D) due to increasing ocean pH and abnormally low water temperatures - Answers -A)
called coral bleaching
If women delay childbearing,
A) the growth rate will increase
B) the growth rate will decrease
C) the growth rate will stay the same
D) the immigration rate will increase - Answers -B) the growth rate will decrease
Elements that gain or lose electrons to form compounds create
A) covalent bonds
B) molecular bonds
C) isotopes
D) ionic bonds - Answers -D) ionic bonds
Organisms that eat dead or decaying matter are called
A) primary consumers
B) scavengers
C) heterotrophs
D) autotrophs - Answers -B) scavengers
A negative feedback loop is
A) when feedback into the system increases the rate of progress
B) seen in the example of increased greenhouse gases leading to global warming
,C) when a system responds to a change by returning it to its original state
D) seen in the example of world population growth - Answers -C) when a system
responds to a change by returning it to its original state
Which type of population distribution can enhance protection from predators?
A) Random distribution
B) Sparse distribution
C) Predator distribution
D) Clumped distribution - Answers -D) Clumped distribution
A null hypothesis is used as a statement that an experiment must disprove. A scientist
wishes to test whether fish species A prefers cold water over warm water. Which of the
following is the best null hypothesis for the experiment?
A) Fish A prefers cold water over warm water
B) Fish A enjoys both cold and warm water
C) Fish A has no water temperature preference
D) Fish A has no preference for cold water over warm water - Answers -D) Fish A has
no preference for cold water over warm water
Nitrogen fixation is a process
A) performed by many different organisms
B) by which organisms convert nitrogen compounds into nitrogen gas
C) by which organisms convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
D) by which organisms convert nitrogen into a form that most producers cannot use -
Answers -C) by which organisms convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
What is a positive effect of upwelling?
A) It creates an area of high precipitation
B) It creates an area of high nutrients in the center of the ocean basin
C) It creates an area of low precipitation
D) It creates an area of high nutrient levels along the coast - Answers -D) It creates an
area of high nutrient levels along the coast
Solar radiation enters the Earth system, and energy leaves it in the form of heat and
reflected light. Therefore, with respect to energy, Earth is:
A) An input system
B) An output system
C) An open system
D) A closed system - Answers -C) An open system
If an energy source is 35 percent efficient, what happens to the other 65 percent of the
energy?
A) It is converted to another form of useable energy
B) It is converted to solar energy
C) It is converted to electromagnetic radiation
D) It is lost as waste heat - Answers -D) It is lost as waste heat
, The change in genetic composition of a population over time is called:
A) evolution
B) phenotype
C) genotype
D) mutation - Answers -A) evolution
Historically, ____ has/have kept the world population out of food deficit.
A) slow population growth
B) food surplus
C) innovations in agricultural practices
D) government assistance - Answers -C) innovations in agricultural practices
Deforestation can result in
A) increased carbon sequestration
B) the rapid flow of water down mountains, leading to increased erosion and flooding
C) increased soil stability and biodiversity
D) the rapid release of large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere - Answers
-B) the rapid flow of water down mountains, leading to increased erosion and flooding
When individuals are found to be distributed evenly throughout an ecosystem it is often
because
A) resources are not limiting
B) they are interbreeding
C) they mate for life
D) they are territorial - Answers -D) they are territorial
Atmospheric convection currents are caused by
A) the tendency of cool air to rise and condense into clouds
B) the unequal heating of Earth by the Sun, and the tendency of warm air to rise
C) the albedo effect
D) the currents of the oceans - Answers -B) the unequal heating of Earth by the Sun,
and the tendency of warm air to rise
The difference between potential and kinetic energy is that
A) potential energy is measured in calories, whereas kinetic energy is measured in
joules
B) potential energy is measured in watts, whereas kinetic energy is measured in joules
C) potential energy has not yet been released
D) kinetic energy cannot be captured at a dam - Answers -C) potential energy has not
yet been released
The limit to how many individuals the food supply can sustain is called the
A) carrying capacity of the environment
B) limiting factor
C) density factor
What is the trophic level sequence from bottom to top?
A) Producers --> Primary consumers --> Secondary consumers --> Tertiary consumers
B) Primary consumers --> Secondary consumers --> Tertiary consumers --> Producers
C) Tertiary consumers --> Secondary consumers --> Primary consumers --> Producers
D) Secondary consumers --> Primary consumers --> Producers --> Tertiary consumers
- Answers -A) Producers --> Primary consumers --> Secondary consumers --> Tertiary
consumers
At present, Earth's human population is
A) stable
B) declining
C) increasing exponentially
D) increasing at a constant rate - Answers -c) increasing exponentially
The phenomenon in which the algae inside the corals die is
A) called coral bleaching
B) no longer occurring
C) not causing any negative ecosystem effects
D) due to increasing ocean pH and abnormally low water temperatures - Answers -A)
called coral bleaching
If women delay childbearing,
A) the growth rate will increase
B) the growth rate will decrease
C) the growth rate will stay the same
D) the immigration rate will increase - Answers -B) the growth rate will decrease
Elements that gain or lose electrons to form compounds create
A) covalent bonds
B) molecular bonds
C) isotopes
D) ionic bonds - Answers -D) ionic bonds
Organisms that eat dead or decaying matter are called
A) primary consumers
B) scavengers
C) heterotrophs
D) autotrophs - Answers -B) scavengers
A negative feedback loop is
A) when feedback into the system increases the rate of progress
B) seen in the example of increased greenhouse gases leading to global warming
,C) when a system responds to a change by returning it to its original state
D) seen in the example of world population growth - Answers -C) when a system
responds to a change by returning it to its original state
Which type of population distribution can enhance protection from predators?
A) Random distribution
B) Sparse distribution
C) Predator distribution
D) Clumped distribution - Answers -D) Clumped distribution
A null hypothesis is used as a statement that an experiment must disprove. A scientist
wishes to test whether fish species A prefers cold water over warm water. Which of the
following is the best null hypothesis for the experiment?
A) Fish A prefers cold water over warm water
B) Fish A enjoys both cold and warm water
C) Fish A has no water temperature preference
D) Fish A has no preference for cold water over warm water - Answers -D) Fish A has
no preference for cold water over warm water
Nitrogen fixation is a process
A) performed by many different organisms
B) by which organisms convert nitrogen compounds into nitrogen gas
C) by which organisms convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
D) by which organisms convert nitrogen into a form that most producers cannot use -
Answers -C) by which organisms convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
What is a positive effect of upwelling?
A) It creates an area of high precipitation
B) It creates an area of high nutrients in the center of the ocean basin
C) It creates an area of low precipitation
D) It creates an area of high nutrient levels along the coast - Answers -D) It creates an
area of high nutrient levels along the coast
Solar radiation enters the Earth system, and energy leaves it in the form of heat and
reflected light. Therefore, with respect to energy, Earth is:
A) An input system
B) An output system
C) An open system
D) A closed system - Answers -C) An open system
If an energy source is 35 percent efficient, what happens to the other 65 percent of the
energy?
A) It is converted to another form of useable energy
B) It is converted to solar energy
C) It is converted to electromagnetic radiation
D) It is lost as waste heat - Answers -D) It is lost as waste heat
, The change in genetic composition of a population over time is called:
A) evolution
B) phenotype
C) genotype
D) mutation - Answers -A) evolution
Historically, ____ has/have kept the world population out of food deficit.
A) slow population growth
B) food surplus
C) innovations in agricultural practices
D) government assistance - Answers -C) innovations in agricultural practices
Deforestation can result in
A) increased carbon sequestration
B) the rapid flow of water down mountains, leading to increased erosion and flooding
C) increased soil stability and biodiversity
D) the rapid release of large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere - Answers
-B) the rapid flow of water down mountains, leading to increased erosion and flooding
When individuals are found to be distributed evenly throughout an ecosystem it is often
because
A) resources are not limiting
B) they are interbreeding
C) they mate for life
D) they are territorial - Answers -D) they are territorial
Atmospheric convection currents are caused by
A) the tendency of cool air to rise and condense into clouds
B) the unequal heating of Earth by the Sun, and the tendency of warm air to rise
C) the albedo effect
D) the currents of the oceans - Answers -B) the unequal heating of Earth by the Sun,
and the tendency of warm air to rise
The difference between potential and kinetic energy is that
A) potential energy is measured in calories, whereas kinetic energy is measured in
joules
B) potential energy is measured in watts, whereas kinetic energy is measured in joules
C) potential energy has not yet been released
D) kinetic energy cannot be captured at a dam - Answers -C) potential energy has not
yet been released
The limit to how many individuals the food supply can sustain is called the
A) carrying capacity of the environment
B) limiting factor
C) density factor
