Bio 105 Exam #1 Questions and Answers
alpha-helix structure - ANSWER-type of secondary of proteins formed by folding of the
polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the structure
amino acid - ANSWER-monomer of protein; has central carbon alpha carbon to which
an amino group, a carboxyl, a hydrogen, an R group or side chain is attached; the R
group is different for all 20 amino acids
amphiiphilic - ANSWER-molecule possessing a polar or charged area and a nonpolar or
uncharged are capable of interacting with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
environments
antiporter - ANSWER-transporter that carries two ions or small molecules in different
directions
aquaporin - ANSWER-channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a
very high rate
aromatic hydrocarbon - ANSWER-hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon
atoms
beta-pleated sheet - ANSWER-secondary structure found in proteins in which
'pleats; are formed by hydrogen bonding between atoms on the backbone of the
polypeptide chain
biological macromolecule - ANSWER-large molecule necessary for life that is built from
smaller organic molecules
biology - ANSWER-The study of living organisms and their interactions with one another
and their environmnets
biosphere - ANSWER-collection of all living things on earth
buffer - ANSWER-substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing
hydrogen or hydroxide atoms
capillary action - ANSWER-occurs because water molecules are are attracted to
charges on inner surfaces of narrow tubular structure such as glass tubes, drawing
water to the sides of the tubes
carbohydrate - ANSWER-biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to
hydrogen and to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural
support in cells and form the cellular exoskeleton of athropods
, carrier protein - ANSWER-membrane protein that moves a substance across the
plasma membrane by changing its own shape
caveolin - ANSWER-protein that coats the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane
and participates in the process of liquid update by potocytosis
cell - ANSWER-smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living thiings
cell wall - ANSWER-rigid cell covering made of cellulose that protects the cell, provides
structural support, and gives shape to the cell
cellulose - ANSWER-polysaccharide that makes up the cell wall of plants; provides
structural support to the cell
central vacuole - ANSWER-large plant cell organelle that regulates the cell's storage
compartment, holds water, and plays a significant role in cell growth as the site of
macromolecule degradation
centrosome - ANSWER-region in animal cells made of two centrioles
channel protein - ANSWER-membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through
its hollow core across the plasma membrane
chaperone - ANSWER-protein that helps nascent protein in the folding process
chitin - ANSWER-type of carbohydrate that forms other the outer skeleton of all
arthropods that include crustaceans and insects; it also forms cell walls of fungi
chloroplast - ANSWER-plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis
chlorphyll - ANSWER-green plant pigment that captures light energy that drives the light
reactions of photosynthesis
chromatin - ANSWER-protein-DNA complex that serves as the building material of
chromosomes
chromosome - ANSWER-structure within the nucleus that contains DNA, the herditary
mamterial
cilium - ANSWER-plural = cilia; short hair-like structure that extends from plasma
membrane in large numbers and is used to move an entire cell or move substances
along the outer surface of the cell
cohesion - ANSWER-inter molecular forces between water molecules caused by the
polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension
alpha-helix structure - ANSWER-type of secondary of proteins formed by folding of the
polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the structure
amino acid - ANSWER-monomer of protein; has central carbon alpha carbon to which
an amino group, a carboxyl, a hydrogen, an R group or side chain is attached; the R
group is different for all 20 amino acids
amphiiphilic - ANSWER-molecule possessing a polar or charged area and a nonpolar or
uncharged are capable of interacting with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
environments
antiporter - ANSWER-transporter that carries two ions or small molecules in different
directions
aquaporin - ANSWER-channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a
very high rate
aromatic hydrocarbon - ANSWER-hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon
atoms
beta-pleated sheet - ANSWER-secondary structure found in proteins in which
'pleats; are formed by hydrogen bonding between atoms on the backbone of the
polypeptide chain
biological macromolecule - ANSWER-large molecule necessary for life that is built from
smaller organic molecules
biology - ANSWER-The study of living organisms and their interactions with one another
and their environmnets
biosphere - ANSWER-collection of all living things on earth
buffer - ANSWER-substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing
hydrogen or hydroxide atoms
capillary action - ANSWER-occurs because water molecules are are attracted to
charges on inner surfaces of narrow tubular structure such as glass tubes, drawing
water to the sides of the tubes
carbohydrate - ANSWER-biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to
hydrogen and to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural
support in cells and form the cellular exoskeleton of athropods
, carrier protein - ANSWER-membrane protein that moves a substance across the
plasma membrane by changing its own shape
caveolin - ANSWER-protein that coats the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane
and participates in the process of liquid update by potocytosis
cell - ANSWER-smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living thiings
cell wall - ANSWER-rigid cell covering made of cellulose that protects the cell, provides
structural support, and gives shape to the cell
cellulose - ANSWER-polysaccharide that makes up the cell wall of plants; provides
structural support to the cell
central vacuole - ANSWER-large plant cell organelle that regulates the cell's storage
compartment, holds water, and plays a significant role in cell growth as the site of
macromolecule degradation
centrosome - ANSWER-region in animal cells made of two centrioles
channel protein - ANSWER-membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through
its hollow core across the plasma membrane
chaperone - ANSWER-protein that helps nascent protein in the folding process
chitin - ANSWER-type of carbohydrate that forms other the outer skeleton of all
arthropods that include crustaceans and insects; it also forms cell walls of fungi
chloroplast - ANSWER-plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis
chlorphyll - ANSWER-green plant pigment that captures light energy that drives the light
reactions of photosynthesis
chromatin - ANSWER-protein-DNA complex that serves as the building material of
chromosomes
chromosome - ANSWER-structure within the nucleus that contains DNA, the herditary
mamterial
cilium - ANSWER-plural = cilia; short hair-like structure that extends from plasma
membrane in large numbers and is used to move an entire cell or move substances
along the outer surface of the cell
cohesion - ANSWER-inter molecular forces between water molecules caused by the
polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension
