NEURON FUNCTION STUDY GUIDE TESTED
QUESTIONS 2026 100% CORRECT.
⫸ What is the central nervous system (CNS) composed of? Answer:
The brain and spinal cord.
⫸ What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?
Answer: Nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord.
⫸ What are the two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous
system? Answer: Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent)
division.
⫸ What is the role of the somatic nervous system? Answer: It
controls voluntary movements by conducting impulses from the CNS
to skeletal muscles.
⫸ What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulate?
Answer: Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
⫸ What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Answer: Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division.
⫸ What are neuroglia? Answer: Supportive cells that surround and
wrap delicate neurons.
, ⫸ Name the four main types of neuroglia in the CNS. Answer:
Astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes.
⫸ What is the primary function of astrocytes? Answer: Support and
brace neurons, control the chemical environment, and help form the
blood-brain barrier.
⫸ What do microglial cells do? Answer: Monitor neurons and can
transform to phagocytize microorganisms and debris.
⫸ What is the function of ependymal cells? Answer: Line the central
cavities of the brain and spinal column and circulate cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF).
⫸ What do oligodendrocytes form? Answer: An insulating myelin
sheath around CNS nerve fibers.
⫸ What are satellite cells in the PNS? Answer: Cells that surround
neuron cell bodies and function similarly to astrocytes in the CNS.
⫸ What is the role of Schwann cells? Answer: Surround peripheral
nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths around thicker nerve fibers.
⫸ What are the structural units of the nervous system? Answer:
Neurons, or nerve cells.
QUESTIONS 2026 100% CORRECT.
⫸ What is the central nervous system (CNS) composed of? Answer:
The brain and spinal cord.
⫸ What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?
Answer: Nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord.
⫸ What are the two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous
system? Answer: Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent)
division.
⫸ What is the role of the somatic nervous system? Answer: It
controls voluntary movements by conducting impulses from the CNS
to skeletal muscles.
⫸ What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulate?
Answer: Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
⫸ What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Answer: Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division.
⫸ What are neuroglia? Answer: Supportive cells that surround and
wrap delicate neurons.
, ⫸ Name the four main types of neuroglia in the CNS. Answer:
Astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes.
⫸ What is the primary function of astrocytes? Answer: Support and
brace neurons, control the chemical environment, and help form the
blood-brain barrier.
⫸ What do microglial cells do? Answer: Monitor neurons and can
transform to phagocytize microorganisms and debris.
⫸ What is the function of ependymal cells? Answer: Line the central
cavities of the brain and spinal column and circulate cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF).
⫸ What do oligodendrocytes form? Answer: An insulating myelin
sheath around CNS nerve fibers.
⫸ What are satellite cells in the PNS? Answer: Cells that surround
neuron cell bodies and function similarly to astrocytes in the CNS.
⫸ What is the role of Schwann cells? Answer: Surround peripheral
nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths around thicker nerve fibers.
⫸ What are the structural units of the nervous system? Answer:
Neurons, or nerve cells.
