S-130 WILDLAND EVALUATION TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Crowning - ✔✔Fire that advances across tops of trees or shrubs more or less
independent of surface fire. High fire intensity and high forward rate of spread. Use
crown fire or crowning with care because it describes a very serious fire situation.
✔✔Blowup - ✔✔Sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread of a fire sufficient to
preclude direct control or to upset existing suppression plans.
✔✔Name five other useful firefighting terms - ✔✔(1) Control Line, (2) Fireline, (3)
Anchor Point, (4) Mopup, (5) Class of fire
✔✔Control Line - ✔✔A comprehensive term used for all the constructed or natural fire
barriers and treated fire edges used to contain the fire.
✔✔Fireline - ✔✔Any clear strip or portion of a control line from which flammable
material has been removed by scraping or digging down to mineral soil.
✔✔Anchor Point - ✔✔An advantageous location, generally a fire barrier, from which to
start constructing a fireline. Used to minimize the chance of being outflanked by the fire
while the line is being constructed.
✔✔Mop-up - ✔✔Final extinguishing of a fire after it is lined
✔✔Describe the classes of fire - ✔✔This classifies the size of the fire with class "A"
being the smallest and class "G" being the largest.
✔✔What are the four main types of crews commonly used in initial attack and extended
attack? - ✔✔Hand Crew, Engine Crew, Helitack Crew, Dozers/Tractor Plow Crew
✔✔Name 4 common denominators of fire behavior on fatal and near-fatal fires - ✔✔-
Relatively small fires or isolated areas of large fires.
- In deceptively light fuels, such as grass, herbs, and light brush.
- Responds to topographic conditions and runs uphill.
- Shift in wind direction or in wind speed.
✔✔Safety zones must be pre-located to avoid: - ✔✔- Locations that are downhill from
the fire
- Locations that are in chimneys, saddles, or narrow canyons
- Locations that require a steep uphill escape route (greater than 50% slope)
- Exposure to heavy fuel concentration on the windward sides of the ridges, rocks, and
other solid objects
, ✔✔What type of fuel does a drip torch use? - ✔✔Drip torches use a combination of gas
and diesel. Gas burns too quickly, while diesel does not burn efficiently enough.
✔✔What are the three sides of the fire triangle? - ✔✔1. Oxygen
2. Heat
3. Fuel
✔✔What factors influence fire line construction? - ✔✔Fuel type, fuel moisture,
temperature, wind, and continuity and arrangement of fuel all influence fire line
construction.
✔✔What are the five methods of attack? - ✔✔1. Direct attack
2. Indirect attack
3. Cold trailing
4. Hot spotting
5. Burnout
✔✔Direct Attack - ✔✔Any treatment of burning fuel, such as by wetting, smothering, or
chemically quenching the fire or by physically separating burning from unburned fuel.
✔✔Indirect Attack - ✔✔Any method of attack that is done away from the actual fire
itself, such as digging line.
✔✔Hot Spotting - ✔✔Reducing or stopping the spread of fire at points of particularly
rapid rate of spread or special threat.
✔✔Cold Trailing - ✔✔A method of controlling a partly dead fire edge by carefully
inspecting and feeling with the hand for heat to detect any fire, digging out every live
spot, and trenching any live edge.
✔✔Burnout - ✔✔Setting a fire inside a control line to widen it or consume fuel between
the edge of the fire and the control line.
✔✔What is the purpose of a cup trench? - ✔✔A cup trench is used to catch any burning
debris rolling downhill.
✔✔List 6 methods of communication - ✔✔1. Hand signals
2. Written messages
3. Use of runners
4. Signal mirrors
5. Whistles
6. Two-way radios
✔✔List some examples of a natural control line - ✔✔Bodies of water, Natural clearings,
Ridge tops, and Riparian vegetation
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Crowning - ✔✔Fire that advances across tops of trees or shrubs more or less
independent of surface fire. High fire intensity and high forward rate of spread. Use
crown fire or crowning with care because it describes a very serious fire situation.
✔✔Blowup - ✔✔Sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread of a fire sufficient to
preclude direct control or to upset existing suppression plans.
✔✔Name five other useful firefighting terms - ✔✔(1) Control Line, (2) Fireline, (3)
Anchor Point, (4) Mopup, (5) Class of fire
✔✔Control Line - ✔✔A comprehensive term used for all the constructed or natural fire
barriers and treated fire edges used to contain the fire.
✔✔Fireline - ✔✔Any clear strip or portion of a control line from which flammable
material has been removed by scraping or digging down to mineral soil.
✔✔Anchor Point - ✔✔An advantageous location, generally a fire barrier, from which to
start constructing a fireline. Used to minimize the chance of being outflanked by the fire
while the line is being constructed.
✔✔Mop-up - ✔✔Final extinguishing of a fire after it is lined
✔✔Describe the classes of fire - ✔✔This classifies the size of the fire with class "A"
being the smallest and class "G" being the largest.
✔✔What are the four main types of crews commonly used in initial attack and extended
attack? - ✔✔Hand Crew, Engine Crew, Helitack Crew, Dozers/Tractor Plow Crew
✔✔Name 4 common denominators of fire behavior on fatal and near-fatal fires - ✔✔-
Relatively small fires or isolated areas of large fires.
- In deceptively light fuels, such as grass, herbs, and light brush.
- Responds to topographic conditions and runs uphill.
- Shift in wind direction or in wind speed.
✔✔Safety zones must be pre-located to avoid: - ✔✔- Locations that are downhill from
the fire
- Locations that are in chimneys, saddles, or narrow canyons
- Locations that require a steep uphill escape route (greater than 50% slope)
- Exposure to heavy fuel concentration on the windward sides of the ridges, rocks, and
other solid objects
, ✔✔What type of fuel does a drip torch use? - ✔✔Drip torches use a combination of gas
and diesel. Gas burns too quickly, while diesel does not burn efficiently enough.
✔✔What are the three sides of the fire triangle? - ✔✔1. Oxygen
2. Heat
3. Fuel
✔✔What factors influence fire line construction? - ✔✔Fuel type, fuel moisture,
temperature, wind, and continuity and arrangement of fuel all influence fire line
construction.
✔✔What are the five methods of attack? - ✔✔1. Direct attack
2. Indirect attack
3. Cold trailing
4. Hot spotting
5. Burnout
✔✔Direct Attack - ✔✔Any treatment of burning fuel, such as by wetting, smothering, or
chemically quenching the fire or by physically separating burning from unburned fuel.
✔✔Indirect Attack - ✔✔Any method of attack that is done away from the actual fire
itself, such as digging line.
✔✔Hot Spotting - ✔✔Reducing or stopping the spread of fire at points of particularly
rapid rate of spread or special threat.
✔✔Cold Trailing - ✔✔A method of controlling a partly dead fire edge by carefully
inspecting and feeling with the hand for heat to detect any fire, digging out every live
spot, and trenching any live edge.
✔✔Burnout - ✔✔Setting a fire inside a control line to widen it or consume fuel between
the edge of the fire and the control line.
✔✔What is the purpose of a cup trench? - ✔✔A cup trench is used to catch any burning
debris rolling downhill.
✔✔List 6 methods of communication - ✔✔1. Hand signals
2. Written messages
3. Use of runners
4. Signal mirrors
5. Whistles
6. Two-way radios
✔✔List some examples of a natural control line - ✔✔Bodies of water, Natural clearings,
Ridge tops, and Riparian vegetation
