S-130 WILDLAND LATEST 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Finance/Admin Chief - ✔✔The finance/administration section chief is responsible for
all financial, admin, and cost analysis aspects of the incident.
✔✔Strike Team - ✔✔Strike teams are most often composed of either engines, hand
crews, or bulldozers, but they may be composed of any resource of the same kind and
type.
✔✔Staging Area - ✔✔Temporary incident location from which resources must be able
to respond within three minutes of being assigned.
✔✔Large Fire - ✔✔Has gone beyond initial attack and has burned over 300 acres in
light fuels or 100 acres in heavy fuels.
✔✔Hand Crew - ✔✔Consist of from 10 to 20 members but may sometimes consist of as
few as five. Hand crews have some of the most physically demanding assignments on
the fireline—constructing a fireline by hand is not only arduous, it is often done in the
worst atmospheric conditions and terrain possible.
✔✔Engine Crews - ✔✔Perform in some very strenuous tasks. For example, setting up a
long progressive hose lay in difficult terrain.
Engine crews are not typed, but engines are.
✔✔Helitack Crews - ✔✔Used for the initial attack on small, remote fires. They also
manage the helicopter that carries ground crews to these locations. The size of the crew
will vary according to the agency or organization and the type of helicopter. Type 1
helicopter has the most passenger seats.
✔✔Dozer and Tractor Plow Crews - ✔✔Used to construct firelines and support other
ground forces. The "crew" is usually made up of an operator and a helper.
-Dozers are classified from type 1 to 3, with type 1 being the heaviest and type 3 the
lightest.
-Tractor plows are classified from type 1 to 6, with type 1 being the heaviest and type 6
the lightest.
✔✔Smoke Jumper - ✔✔Firefighter who travels to remote wildland fires and other
emergencies by aircraft and parachutes to the scene.
✔✔Tragedy Fire Common Denominators - ✔✔Light Fuels = Tragedy
Small Fires+Isolated Sections=Tragedy
Wind Shifts = Tragedy
Topographic Condition = Tragedy
,✔✔18 Fireline WATCHOUT Situations - ✔✔1.Fire Not Scouted and sized up
2.In Country not seen in daylight
3.Safety zones and escape routes not identified
4.Unfamiliar local factors influencing fire behavior
5.Uninformed on strategy, tactics and hazards
6.Instructions and Assignments not clear
7.No communication link with crew members or supervisor
8.Constructing line without safe anchor point
9.Building Fireline downhill with fire below
10.Attempting frontal assault on fire
11.Unburned fuel between you and fire
12.Cannot see the main fire or contact anyone who can
13.On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below
14.Weather becoming hotter and drier
15.Wind increases or changes direction
16.Getting frequent spot fires across line
17.Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult
18.Taking nap near fireline
✔✔10 Standard Firefighting Orders
Fire Behavior = Orders 1 through 3
Fireline Safety = Orders 4 through 6
Organizational Control = Orders 7 through 9
Overall Intent = Order 10 - ✔✔1.Keep informed on fire weather conditions and
forecasts.
2.Know what your fire is doing at all times.
3.Base all actions on current and expected fire behavior.
4.Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known.
5.Post lookouts when there is possible danger.
6.Be alert. Keep calm. Think clearly. Act decisively.
7.Maintain prompt communication with your forces, your supervisor, and adjoining
forces.
8.Give clear instructions and ensure they are understood.
9.Maintain control of your forces at all times.
10.Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first.
✔✔Escape Routes - ✔✔Pathway to safety. It can lead to an already burned area, a
previously constructed safety area, a meadow that will not burn, or a natural rocky area
that is large enough to take refuge without being burned.
-Identify and mark escape routes well before they are needed
-Identify at least two escape routes
-Inform all crew members of escape route locations
-Don't place escape routes above a fire burning uphill on a slope
-Make escape routes lead to a safety zone in the black or farther into the green away
from the fire
, -Constantly reassess identified escape routes as the fire front progresses
-Mark new escape routes and communicate the change to the crews
Consider escape time variables:
-Barriers that may increase travel time, such as hills, loose soils, rocks, and vegetation
✔✔Safety Zones - ✔✔Recently burned area or one cleared of vegetation used for
escape in the event a line is outflanked or a spot fire outside a control line renders the
line unsafe.
✔✔Determining Safety Zone Size - ✔✔Diameter equal to at least 4x the flame length
✔✔LCES - ✔✔Lookouts
Communications
Escape Routes
Safety Zones
✔✔Escape Route - ✔✔Escape routes are marked with HOT PINK flagging tape. -
Identify and mark escape routes well before they are needed
-Identify at least two escape routes
-Inform all crew members of escape route locations
-Don't place escape routes above a fire burning uphill on a slope
-Make escape routes lead to a safety zone in the black or farther into the green away
from the fire
-Constantly reassess identified escape routes as the fire front progresses
-Mark new escape routes and communicate the change to the crews
✔✔Safety Zone - ✔✔Never put safety zones in areas where the topography lends itself
to faster fire spread, such as slopes, saddles, chutes, or drainages. Also, most roads
are not wide enough to be effective safety zones.A few of the natural areas you can use
as safety zones include:
-Green meadows
-Naturally barren areas, such as rock slides or cliffs
-Streams or other bodies of water
-Areas of sparse vegetation
Constructing a Safety Zone
-Use mechanized equipment in areas with heavy fuels
-Consider burning out a safety zone but keep the additional safety concerns in mind
-Use hand tools to improve the area, if necessary.
✔✔Fire Shelter - ✔✔Aluminized tent carried by firefighters offering personal protection
by means of reflecting radiant heat and providing a volume of breathable air in a fire-
entrapment situation. Fire shelters are intended to be deployed only as a last resort to
survive a fire entrapment. Attempt all other reasonable means of escaping the fire
before deploying the shelter. New generation fire shelter consists of two layers:
Aluminum foil outer skin laminated to woven silica
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Finance/Admin Chief - ✔✔The finance/administration section chief is responsible for
all financial, admin, and cost analysis aspects of the incident.
✔✔Strike Team - ✔✔Strike teams are most often composed of either engines, hand
crews, or bulldozers, but they may be composed of any resource of the same kind and
type.
✔✔Staging Area - ✔✔Temporary incident location from which resources must be able
to respond within three minutes of being assigned.
✔✔Large Fire - ✔✔Has gone beyond initial attack and has burned over 300 acres in
light fuels or 100 acres in heavy fuels.
✔✔Hand Crew - ✔✔Consist of from 10 to 20 members but may sometimes consist of as
few as five. Hand crews have some of the most physically demanding assignments on
the fireline—constructing a fireline by hand is not only arduous, it is often done in the
worst atmospheric conditions and terrain possible.
✔✔Engine Crews - ✔✔Perform in some very strenuous tasks. For example, setting up a
long progressive hose lay in difficult terrain.
Engine crews are not typed, but engines are.
✔✔Helitack Crews - ✔✔Used for the initial attack on small, remote fires. They also
manage the helicopter that carries ground crews to these locations. The size of the crew
will vary according to the agency or organization and the type of helicopter. Type 1
helicopter has the most passenger seats.
✔✔Dozer and Tractor Plow Crews - ✔✔Used to construct firelines and support other
ground forces. The "crew" is usually made up of an operator and a helper.
-Dozers are classified from type 1 to 3, with type 1 being the heaviest and type 3 the
lightest.
-Tractor plows are classified from type 1 to 6, with type 1 being the heaviest and type 6
the lightest.
✔✔Smoke Jumper - ✔✔Firefighter who travels to remote wildland fires and other
emergencies by aircraft and parachutes to the scene.
✔✔Tragedy Fire Common Denominators - ✔✔Light Fuels = Tragedy
Small Fires+Isolated Sections=Tragedy
Wind Shifts = Tragedy
Topographic Condition = Tragedy
,✔✔18 Fireline WATCHOUT Situations - ✔✔1.Fire Not Scouted and sized up
2.In Country not seen in daylight
3.Safety zones and escape routes not identified
4.Unfamiliar local factors influencing fire behavior
5.Uninformed on strategy, tactics and hazards
6.Instructions and Assignments not clear
7.No communication link with crew members or supervisor
8.Constructing line without safe anchor point
9.Building Fireline downhill with fire below
10.Attempting frontal assault on fire
11.Unburned fuel between you and fire
12.Cannot see the main fire or contact anyone who can
13.On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below
14.Weather becoming hotter and drier
15.Wind increases or changes direction
16.Getting frequent spot fires across line
17.Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult
18.Taking nap near fireline
✔✔10 Standard Firefighting Orders
Fire Behavior = Orders 1 through 3
Fireline Safety = Orders 4 through 6
Organizational Control = Orders 7 through 9
Overall Intent = Order 10 - ✔✔1.Keep informed on fire weather conditions and
forecasts.
2.Know what your fire is doing at all times.
3.Base all actions on current and expected fire behavior.
4.Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known.
5.Post lookouts when there is possible danger.
6.Be alert. Keep calm. Think clearly. Act decisively.
7.Maintain prompt communication with your forces, your supervisor, and adjoining
forces.
8.Give clear instructions and ensure they are understood.
9.Maintain control of your forces at all times.
10.Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first.
✔✔Escape Routes - ✔✔Pathway to safety. It can lead to an already burned area, a
previously constructed safety area, a meadow that will not burn, or a natural rocky area
that is large enough to take refuge without being burned.
-Identify and mark escape routes well before they are needed
-Identify at least two escape routes
-Inform all crew members of escape route locations
-Don't place escape routes above a fire burning uphill on a slope
-Make escape routes lead to a safety zone in the black or farther into the green away
from the fire
, -Constantly reassess identified escape routes as the fire front progresses
-Mark new escape routes and communicate the change to the crews
Consider escape time variables:
-Barriers that may increase travel time, such as hills, loose soils, rocks, and vegetation
✔✔Safety Zones - ✔✔Recently burned area or one cleared of vegetation used for
escape in the event a line is outflanked or a spot fire outside a control line renders the
line unsafe.
✔✔Determining Safety Zone Size - ✔✔Diameter equal to at least 4x the flame length
✔✔LCES - ✔✔Lookouts
Communications
Escape Routes
Safety Zones
✔✔Escape Route - ✔✔Escape routes are marked with HOT PINK flagging tape. -
Identify and mark escape routes well before they are needed
-Identify at least two escape routes
-Inform all crew members of escape route locations
-Don't place escape routes above a fire burning uphill on a slope
-Make escape routes lead to a safety zone in the black or farther into the green away
from the fire
-Constantly reassess identified escape routes as the fire front progresses
-Mark new escape routes and communicate the change to the crews
✔✔Safety Zone - ✔✔Never put safety zones in areas where the topography lends itself
to faster fire spread, such as slopes, saddles, chutes, or drainages. Also, most roads
are not wide enough to be effective safety zones.A few of the natural areas you can use
as safety zones include:
-Green meadows
-Naturally barren areas, such as rock slides or cliffs
-Streams or other bodies of water
-Areas of sparse vegetation
Constructing a Safety Zone
-Use mechanized equipment in areas with heavy fuels
-Consider burning out a safety zone but keep the additional safety concerns in mind
-Use hand tools to improve the area, if necessary.
✔✔Fire Shelter - ✔✔Aluminized tent carried by firefighters offering personal protection
by means of reflecting radiant heat and providing a volume of breathable air in a fire-
entrapment situation. Fire shelters are intended to be deployed only as a last resort to
survive a fire entrapment. Attempt all other reasonable means of escaping the fire
before deploying the shelter. New generation fire shelter consists of two layers:
Aluminum foil outer skin laminated to woven silica
