WCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAMINATION TEST PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
● Idiopathic - cause is unknown
● Iatrogenic - medically induced
-cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
-results from an infection while in hospital
-can be caused by medication
● Risk factor - A factor that when present increases the likelihood of
disease
● Pathogenesis - Development or evolution of disease from initial
stimulus to ultimate expression of manifesting of disease
● Symptoms - subjective feeling of abnormality in the body
● Signs - Objective or observed manifestation of disease
,● Syndrome - a set of signs and symptoms not yet determined to
delineate a disease and occur together
● Latent period - time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and
FIRST appearance of signs/or symptoms
● Prodomal period - time during which first signs and/or symptoms
appear or onset of disease occurs
● Latent period (2) - Also refers to a period during an illness when
signs/symptoms temporarily become mild or silent
● Subclinical stage - patient functions normally; disease processes are
well established.
● Acute clinical course - short-lived; may have severe manifestation
● Chronic clinical course - may last months to years, sometimes
following an acute course
● Illness and disease do not? - Always coexist. Illness is the
symptomatic and debilitating stage of a disease.
● -Lytic - break down of the clot.
,● Syphilis - Can occur between latent & prodromal period and between
prodromal and latent period.
● Remission - decrease in severity, signs, or symptoms; may indicate
disease is cured.
● Exacerbation - increase in severity,signs, or symptoms
● Sequela - Subsequent pathologic condition resulting from an acute
illness.
EX: placing a cast on someone then removing it and results in joint
stiffness
● Statistical normality - estimate of diseases in a normal population,
based on bell shape curve
● Reliability - Test's ability to give the same results in repeated
measurements
● Validity - degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of
what it intends to measure
, ● Predictive value - -Extent to which a test can differentiate between
presence or absence of a persons condition.
-A test.
● Sensitivity - probability that a test will be positive when applied to a
person with a particular condition.
-A true positive
● Specificity - Probability that a test will be negative when applied to a
person without a particular condition
-A true negative
● Gender differences - relevant in both in health and disease
EX: hemoglobin, sex & growth hormones
● Situational differences - determine whether a derivation from normal
should be considered abnormal or an adaptation mechanism.
EX: RBC's count increases when a person moves to a high altitude.
● Time variations - may impact how the body responds from day to
night or at varying times.
EX: hormones & body temp are higher in the AM
Growth hormones released while sleeping
EXAMINATION TEST PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
● Idiopathic - cause is unknown
● Iatrogenic - medically induced
-cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
-results from an infection while in hospital
-can be caused by medication
● Risk factor - A factor that when present increases the likelihood of
disease
● Pathogenesis - Development or evolution of disease from initial
stimulus to ultimate expression of manifesting of disease
● Symptoms - subjective feeling of abnormality in the body
● Signs - Objective or observed manifestation of disease
,● Syndrome - a set of signs and symptoms not yet determined to
delineate a disease and occur together
● Latent period - time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and
FIRST appearance of signs/or symptoms
● Prodomal period - time during which first signs and/or symptoms
appear or onset of disease occurs
● Latent period (2) - Also refers to a period during an illness when
signs/symptoms temporarily become mild or silent
● Subclinical stage - patient functions normally; disease processes are
well established.
● Acute clinical course - short-lived; may have severe manifestation
● Chronic clinical course - may last months to years, sometimes
following an acute course
● Illness and disease do not? - Always coexist. Illness is the
symptomatic and debilitating stage of a disease.
● -Lytic - break down of the clot.
,● Syphilis - Can occur between latent & prodromal period and between
prodromal and latent period.
● Remission - decrease in severity, signs, or symptoms; may indicate
disease is cured.
● Exacerbation - increase in severity,signs, or symptoms
● Sequela - Subsequent pathologic condition resulting from an acute
illness.
EX: placing a cast on someone then removing it and results in joint
stiffness
● Statistical normality - estimate of diseases in a normal population,
based on bell shape curve
● Reliability - Test's ability to give the same results in repeated
measurements
● Validity - degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of
what it intends to measure
, ● Predictive value - -Extent to which a test can differentiate between
presence or absence of a persons condition.
-A test.
● Sensitivity - probability that a test will be positive when applied to a
person with a particular condition.
-A true positive
● Specificity - Probability that a test will be negative when applied to a
person without a particular condition
-A true negative
● Gender differences - relevant in both in health and disease
EX: hemoglobin, sex & growth hormones
● Situational differences - determine whether a derivation from normal
should be considered abnormal or an adaptation mechanism.
EX: RBC's count increases when a person moves to a high altitude.
● Time variations - may impact how the body responds from day to
night or at varying times.
EX: hormones & body temp are higher in the AM
Growth hormones released while sleeping
