CFRN Exam Questions with Correct Answers| Latest Update Guaranteed Success
What htz would you expect to see flicker vertigo? 5-20 htz
Will see at slower speeds such as shutdown & idle.
At 18,000 ft, mean sea level 380 tore, what is the partial pressure of oxygen? 80
Atmospheric pressure * 0.21 = partial pressure of O2
360 * .21
PO2 Partial pressure of O2 in the ENVIRONMENT.
PAO2 Partial pressure of O2 in ALVEOLI.
PaO2 Partial pressure of O2 in ARTERIAL blood.
How many total ATP are there at the end of the electron transport chain? 36 total. We make
a total of 38, but utilize 2 between glycolysis & the Krebs cycle.
SaO2 Amount of hgb in the blood that are saturated.
SpO2 Total saturation of O2 bound to hgb. What is going on with each individual hgb
molecule.
SvO2 Mixed venous O2 saturation. What is the consumption? Can only be measured from a
PA catheter.
,CaO2 Total content of O2 bound to hgb.
DO2 Delivery of O2 each minute.
(CaO2 x CO)
Product of SaO2, Hgb, Cardiac Output
ScvO2 Central venous O2 saturation. Drawn off distal port of central line. Will be 5-8%
higher.
Where is CO2 produced? Krebs Cycle
How many ATP are produced in anaerobic metabolism? 2
Anaerobic metabolism never get to electron transport chain. Goes continuously back & forth
between glycolysis & Krebs cycle.
Aerobic is dependent on these 4 things. - adequate O2 delivery
- ability to carry O2 (Hgb)
- ability to move O2 (cardiac output)
- ability to extract O2 to cells
Bohr Effect
(OxyHgb Dissociation Curve) Hgb O2 binding affinity is inversely related to both acidity & the
concentration of CO2.
,Right Shift Raised acid, raised CO2, raised temp, raised 2-3 DPG, raised PaO2
Right, Raise, Release
Left Shift Low temp, low acid, low 2-3 DPG, low PaO2
Left, lower, lock
Pt sat 87%, what would approx PaO2 be? 50%
4-5-6 7-8-9 Rule
PaO2 40 = SpO2 70%
PaO2 50 = SpO2 80%
PaO2 60 = SpO2 90%
ETCO2 is a direct reflection of _______________. Perfusion
3 P's of low ETCO2 Fix the cause, don't just treat the number.
P: Pulse - make sure you have one.
P: Perfusion - what's the MAP. <65 is not a perfusing pressure.
P: pH - decreased. Severe metabolic acidosis (ethylene glycol ingestion, ASA OD, DKA). Pt will
compensate & have partially compensated metabolic acidosis.
If have to intubate, target ETCO2 to pre-intubation levels as that indicates what the body really
needs.
For every 10mmHg change in CO2, pH changes by _____ in same or opposite direction. 0.08
in opposite direction.
, For every 10 mEq change in HCO3-, the pH changes by _____ in the same or opposite direction.
0.15 in same direction.
For every change in pH of 0.10, the K+ will change by _____ in the same or opposite direction.
0.6 in opposite direction.
For every 10 mEq K+ admin, serum K+ increases by _____. 0.1
GOLDMARK
(Causes of Acidosis) G: glycols (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol)
O: oxyprolene (metabolite from Tylenol OD)
L: l-lactate (lactate levels)
D: d-lactate (by-product of propylene glycol)
M: methanols
A: ASA OD
R: renal failure
K: ketoacidosis
Which acid-base buffering system works minute by minute? Respiratory
Which acid-base buffering system works second to second? Carbonic acid-bicarb
Mass transfusions — citrate A lot of citrate in blood products. It destructs 2-3 DPG.
Also binds to calcium & mag. Therefore always give calcium gluconate (or ca chloride) & mag to
hemorrhagic trauma pt.
What htz would you expect to see flicker vertigo? 5-20 htz
Will see at slower speeds such as shutdown & idle.
At 18,000 ft, mean sea level 380 tore, what is the partial pressure of oxygen? 80
Atmospheric pressure * 0.21 = partial pressure of O2
360 * .21
PO2 Partial pressure of O2 in the ENVIRONMENT.
PAO2 Partial pressure of O2 in ALVEOLI.
PaO2 Partial pressure of O2 in ARTERIAL blood.
How many total ATP are there at the end of the electron transport chain? 36 total. We make
a total of 38, but utilize 2 between glycolysis & the Krebs cycle.
SaO2 Amount of hgb in the blood that are saturated.
SpO2 Total saturation of O2 bound to hgb. What is going on with each individual hgb
molecule.
SvO2 Mixed venous O2 saturation. What is the consumption? Can only be measured from a
PA catheter.
,CaO2 Total content of O2 bound to hgb.
DO2 Delivery of O2 each minute.
(CaO2 x CO)
Product of SaO2, Hgb, Cardiac Output
ScvO2 Central venous O2 saturation. Drawn off distal port of central line. Will be 5-8%
higher.
Where is CO2 produced? Krebs Cycle
How many ATP are produced in anaerobic metabolism? 2
Anaerobic metabolism never get to electron transport chain. Goes continuously back & forth
between glycolysis & Krebs cycle.
Aerobic is dependent on these 4 things. - adequate O2 delivery
- ability to carry O2 (Hgb)
- ability to move O2 (cardiac output)
- ability to extract O2 to cells
Bohr Effect
(OxyHgb Dissociation Curve) Hgb O2 binding affinity is inversely related to both acidity & the
concentration of CO2.
,Right Shift Raised acid, raised CO2, raised temp, raised 2-3 DPG, raised PaO2
Right, Raise, Release
Left Shift Low temp, low acid, low 2-3 DPG, low PaO2
Left, lower, lock
Pt sat 87%, what would approx PaO2 be? 50%
4-5-6 7-8-9 Rule
PaO2 40 = SpO2 70%
PaO2 50 = SpO2 80%
PaO2 60 = SpO2 90%
ETCO2 is a direct reflection of _______________. Perfusion
3 P's of low ETCO2 Fix the cause, don't just treat the number.
P: Pulse - make sure you have one.
P: Perfusion - what's the MAP. <65 is not a perfusing pressure.
P: pH - decreased. Severe metabolic acidosis (ethylene glycol ingestion, ASA OD, DKA). Pt will
compensate & have partially compensated metabolic acidosis.
If have to intubate, target ETCO2 to pre-intubation levels as that indicates what the body really
needs.
For every 10mmHg change in CO2, pH changes by _____ in same or opposite direction. 0.08
in opposite direction.
, For every 10 mEq change in HCO3-, the pH changes by _____ in the same or opposite direction.
0.15 in same direction.
For every change in pH of 0.10, the K+ will change by _____ in the same or opposite direction.
0.6 in opposite direction.
For every 10 mEq K+ admin, serum K+ increases by _____. 0.1
GOLDMARK
(Causes of Acidosis) G: glycols (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol)
O: oxyprolene (metabolite from Tylenol OD)
L: l-lactate (lactate levels)
D: d-lactate (by-product of propylene glycol)
M: methanols
A: ASA OD
R: renal failure
K: ketoacidosis
Which acid-base buffering system works minute by minute? Respiratory
Which acid-base buffering system works second to second? Carbonic acid-bicarb
Mass transfusions — citrate A lot of citrate in blood products. It destructs 2-3 DPG.
Also binds to calcium & mag. Therefore always give calcium gluconate (or ca chloride) & mag to
hemorrhagic trauma pt.
