WGU PATHO D236 ALL 2026 CORE EXAM TEST QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔HIV - ✔✔a viral infection
attacks the immune system,
targeting CD4 T cells, which play a vital role in the body's ability to fight off infections.
Left untreated:
-can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
a condition where the immune system is severely compromised, making the individual
vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
Treatment:
-antiretroviral therapy (ART)
*helps control the virus and maintain immune function.
✔✔Influenza - ✔✔flu virus
✔✔Sepsis - ✔✔Dangerous infection of the blood
✔✔MRSA - ✔✔Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
an infectious disease
Resistant to many anitbiotics (methicillin and other penicillin-related antibiotics.)
-enters the body through a cut, wound, or other entry point, the immune system
recognizes it as a foreign invader.
can lead to the formation of abscesses (collections of pus) at the site of the infection.
Abscesses are the body's way of containing the infection.
Treatment:
alternative antibiotics that are effective against MRSA may be prescribed.
In more severe cases, drainage of abscesses or surgical intervention may be
necessary.
✔✔MRSA Systemic Response - ✔✔If the MRSA infection is severe or spreads beyond
the initial site
include symptoms:
fever
chills
fatigue
,as the immune system works to combat the bacteria throughout the body.
✔✔MRSA Immune Response - ✔✔The body's immune system, including white blood
cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages), responds to the infection.
-These immune cells are responsible for attacking and trying to eliminate the MRSA
bacteria.
✔✔Shingles
(Herpes Zoster) - ✔✔caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus
(chickenpox)
Symptoms:
-painful rash with fluid-filled blisters
-often accompanied by severe nerve pain.
can occur in individuals who have previously had chickenpox
the risk increases with age.
Treatment:
vaccine
prevent shingles and reduce the risk of postherpetic neuralgia (lingering pain).
✔✔Rubella - ✔✔a contagious viral infection
caused by the rubella virus.
leads to:
a mild rash
fever.
-particular concern during pregnancy
-can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the developing fetus
-resulting in severe birth defects
Prevention:
vaccination
✔✔Varicella - ✔✔Chicken pox
contagious viral infection
varicella-zoster virus.
results in:
,an itchy skin rash with small, fluid-filled blisters.
Complications can occur, especially in adults and those with weakened immune
systems.
Prevention:
Vaccination
✔✔Viral hemorrhagic fever - ✔✔a group of severe illnesses
caused by various virusus:
Ebola
Marburg
Lassa
Symptoms:
fever
fatigue
muscle pain
in severe cases:
bleeding
occur in specific regions of the world
can lead to outbreaks with high mortality rates.
Prevention:
infection control measures vaccination when available.
✔✔Cellular Response and Adaptation - ✔✔
✔✔Helper Cells
(Notes from PA Review) - ✔✔-Helper T cells
- Produce CYTOKINES (Small proteins)
-a type of Immune Cell.
-AKA CD4+ cells
✔✔What are things that antibodies do to help the immune system - ✔✔· Proteins that
help immune system respond to infections by attaching to them and neutralizing them.
✔✔How do X Linked Genetic Disorders work? - ✔✔· Females inherit X chromosome
from Father for XX
, While males inherit a Y chromosome from the farther for XY (Mothers only pass on X
Chromosomes)
✔✔ND-PAE
(neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure) - ✔✔· Cognitive
and Social Skill issues
· Behavior
· Small head
· Smooth ridge between nose and upper lip (Philtrum)
✔✔Epicanthic eye fold - ✔✔downs
✔✔Red blood cells shaped like crescent moons - ✔✔sickle cell anemia
✔✔Mosaicism - ✔✔Presence of genetically distinct cell lines in the same individual
-Variations of Down Syndrome
-Turners Syndrome
✔✔monosomy 21 - ✔✔Missing chromosome 21 altogether
✔✔Turner's syndrome - ✔✔Born with a single X chromosome.
Features:
-short
-webbed neck
-different physical sexual development
-Variations of Down Syndrome
-Mosaicism
✔✔translocation chromosomal mutation - ✔✔a mutation that occurs when part of one
chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome
Variation of Down Syndrome
✔✔1. What is a sign of inflammation?
Redness, warmth to the touch, and pain
Yellowing of the skin
Lack of feeling at the site of inflammation
Coolness to the touch - ✔✔Redness, warmth to the touch, and pain
AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔HIV - ✔✔a viral infection
attacks the immune system,
targeting CD4 T cells, which play a vital role in the body's ability to fight off infections.
Left untreated:
-can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
a condition where the immune system is severely compromised, making the individual
vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
Treatment:
-antiretroviral therapy (ART)
*helps control the virus and maintain immune function.
✔✔Influenza - ✔✔flu virus
✔✔Sepsis - ✔✔Dangerous infection of the blood
✔✔MRSA - ✔✔Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
an infectious disease
Resistant to many anitbiotics (methicillin and other penicillin-related antibiotics.)
-enters the body through a cut, wound, or other entry point, the immune system
recognizes it as a foreign invader.
can lead to the formation of abscesses (collections of pus) at the site of the infection.
Abscesses are the body's way of containing the infection.
Treatment:
alternative antibiotics that are effective against MRSA may be prescribed.
In more severe cases, drainage of abscesses or surgical intervention may be
necessary.
✔✔MRSA Systemic Response - ✔✔If the MRSA infection is severe or spreads beyond
the initial site
include symptoms:
fever
chills
fatigue
,as the immune system works to combat the bacteria throughout the body.
✔✔MRSA Immune Response - ✔✔The body's immune system, including white blood
cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages), responds to the infection.
-These immune cells are responsible for attacking and trying to eliminate the MRSA
bacteria.
✔✔Shingles
(Herpes Zoster) - ✔✔caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus
(chickenpox)
Symptoms:
-painful rash with fluid-filled blisters
-often accompanied by severe nerve pain.
can occur in individuals who have previously had chickenpox
the risk increases with age.
Treatment:
vaccine
prevent shingles and reduce the risk of postherpetic neuralgia (lingering pain).
✔✔Rubella - ✔✔a contagious viral infection
caused by the rubella virus.
leads to:
a mild rash
fever.
-particular concern during pregnancy
-can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the developing fetus
-resulting in severe birth defects
Prevention:
vaccination
✔✔Varicella - ✔✔Chicken pox
contagious viral infection
varicella-zoster virus.
results in:
,an itchy skin rash with small, fluid-filled blisters.
Complications can occur, especially in adults and those with weakened immune
systems.
Prevention:
Vaccination
✔✔Viral hemorrhagic fever - ✔✔a group of severe illnesses
caused by various virusus:
Ebola
Marburg
Lassa
Symptoms:
fever
fatigue
muscle pain
in severe cases:
bleeding
occur in specific regions of the world
can lead to outbreaks with high mortality rates.
Prevention:
infection control measures vaccination when available.
✔✔Cellular Response and Adaptation - ✔✔
✔✔Helper Cells
(Notes from PA Review) - ✔✔-Helper T cells
- Produce CYTOKINES (Small proteins)
-a type of Immune Cell.
-AKA CD4+ cells
✔✔What are things that antibodies do to help the immune system - ✔✔· Proteins that
help immune system respond to infections by attaching to them and neutralizing them.
✔✔How do X Linked Genetic Disorders work? - ✔✔· Females inherit X chromosome
from Father for XX
, While males inherit a Y chromosome from the farther for XY (Mothers only pass on X
Chromosomes)
✔✔ND-PAE
(neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure) - ✔✔· Cognitive
and Social Skill issues
· Behavior
· Small head
· Smooth ridge between nose and upper lip (Philtrum)
✔✔Epicanthic eye fold - ✔✔downs
✔✔Red blood cells shaped like crescent moons - ✔✔sickle cell anemia
✔✔Mosaicism - ✔✔Presence of genetically distinct cell lines in the same individual
-Variations of Down Syndrome
-Turners Syndrome
✔✔monosomy 21 - ✔✔Missing chromosome 21 altogether
✔✔Turner's syndrome - ✔✔Born with a single X chromosome.
Features:
-short
-webbed neck
-different physical sexual development
-Variations of Down Syndrome
-Mosaicism
✔✔translocation chromosomal mutation - ✔✔a mutation that occurs when part of one
chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome
Variation of Down Syndrome
✔✔1. What is a sign of inflammation?
Redness, warmth to the touch, and pain
Yellowing of the skin
Lack of feeling at the site of inflammation
Coolness to the touch - ✔✔Redness, warmth to the touch, and pain
