Pharmacokinetics: Gentamicin, Amikacin, Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring, Exams of Advanced Education

Pharmacokinetics: Gentamicin, Amikacin, Vancomycin Dosing and
Monitoring, Exams of Advanced Education




Four principles of pharmacokinetics - ANSWER- Absorption

- Distribution

- Metabolism

- Excretion



What is pharmacokinetics? - ANSWERWhat the body does to the drug



What is biotransformation? - ANSWERChanging a compound into something
more usable by the body



5 Factors that impact the degree of drug absorption - ANSWER1) route of
administration

2) solubility of drug administered

3) conditions at site of absorption

, 4) degree of ionization of the drug

5) bioavailability



Why does the solubility of a drug matter in relation to drug absorption? -
ANSWERMore lipid soluble, aka lipophilic (lipid LOVING) can pass through cell
membranes easily (remember cell membranes are composed of a lipid
bilayer).



What effect does ionization have on drug absorption? - ANSWERDrug
absorption is greater if the drug is in non-ionized, lipid soluble form. The
ionized form is water soluble and possesses an electrical charge which is
repelled by the cell membrane.



Routes of administration: name the fastest to the slowest route in terms of
onset - ANSWEROnset (quickest - slowest) : IV>IM>SC>oral



Routes of administration: name the shortest to the longest route in terms of
duration - ANSWERDuration (shortest to longest) : IV>IM>SC>oral



Advantages of oral route of administration - ANSWER1) Convenient

2) Economical



Disadvantages of oral route of administration - ANSWER1) Emesis

2) Enzymatic destruction

3) ****Patient compliance****

4) Irregular absorption (Influence of food or medications, ****First pass
effect****)