A&P 101 FINAL EXAM PREPARATION
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Muscle Metabolism at Rest - Answer- ATP demands are low; oxygen is available for
mitochondria to make ATP, fatty acids and glucose are absorbed from the bloodstream.
Creatine Phosphate - Answer- Creatine can bond to a phosphate group to form creatine
phosphate, which serves as energy storage.
Muscle Metabolism at Moderate Activity - Answer- Demand for ATP increases; ATP is
made by breaking down stored glycogen into glucose, then using glucose to make ATP.
Muscle Metabolism at Strenuous Activity - Answer- Huge ATP demand; ATP has to be
made anaerobically, producing ATP + lactate + H+.
Anaerobic Endurance - Answer- Examples include 50-meter dash and weight lifting;
uses fast fibers and stimulates hypertrophy.
Aerobic Endurance - Answer- Supported by mitochondria; does not stimulate muscle
hypertrophy; involves sustained, low levels of activity.
Sarcolemma - Answer- Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber that surrounds the
sarcoplasm.
Myofibrils - Answer- Lengthwise subdivisions within a muscle fiber responsible for
muscle contraction.
Thin Filaments - Answer- Composed primarily of actin.
Thick Filaments - Answer- Composed primarily of myosin.
Sarcomeres - Answer- Smallest functional units of a muscle fiber; interactions between
filaments produce contraction.
A Bands - Answer- Dark bands in myofibrils; contain thick filaments.
I Bands - Answer- Light bands in myofibrils; contain thin filaments.
Z Lines - Answer- Bisect I bands and mark boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres.
Biceps Brachii - Answer- Muscle responsible for elbow flexion.
, Triceps Brachii - Answer- Muscle responsible for elbow extension.
Quadriceps - Answer- Muscle responsible for knee extension.
Hamstrings - Answer- Muscle responsible for knee flexion.
Deltoid - Answer- Muscle responsible for shoulder abduction.
Pectoralis Major - Answer- Muscle responsible for shoulder flexion and adduction.
Latissimus Dorsi - Answer- Muscle responsible for shoulder extension and adduction.
Gluteus Maximus - Answer- Muscle responsible for hip extension.
Epimysium - Answer- A sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle.
Perimysium - Answer- A sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle
fibers.
Endomysium - Answer- A thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds and separates
individual muscle fibers.
Motor Neurons - Answer- Peripheral neurons that stimulate muscle contraction.
Sensory Neurons - Answer- Peripheral neurons that provide information about body
temperature, taste, and smell.
Skeletal Muscle - Answer- Used for movement and stability by pulling on bones.
Cardiac Muscle - Answer- Uses contraction to push blood in and out of the heart.
Smooth Muscle - Answer- Produced and used to contract and move things out of the
body.
Types of Cartilage - Answer- Includes hyaline (toughest), elastic (flexible), and fibro-
elastic (durable).
Flat bone - Answer- Sternum
Irregular bone - Answer- Vertebral bones
Short bones - Answer- Carpals and tarsals
Sesamoid bone - Answer- Patella
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Muscle Metabolism at Rest - Answer- ATP demands are low; oxygen is available for
mitochondria to make ATP, fatty acids and glucose are absorbed from the bloodstream.
Creatine Phosphate - Answer- Creatine can bond to a phosphate group to form creatine
phosphate, which serves as energy storage.
Muscle Metabolism at Moderate Activity - Answer- Demand for ATP increases; ATP is
made by breaking down stored glycogen into glucose, then using glucose to make ATP.
Muscle Metabolism at Strenuous Activity - Answer- Huge ATP demand; ATP has to be
made anaerobically, producing ATP + lactate + H+.
Anaerobic Endurance - Answer- Examples include 50-meter dash and weight lifting;
uses fast fibers and stimulates hypertrophy.
Aerobic Endurance - Answer- Supported by mitochondria; does not stimulate muscle
hypertrophy; involves sustained, low levels of activity.
Sarcolemma - Answer- Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber that surrounds the
sarcoplasm.
Myofibrils - Answer- Lengthwise subdivisions within a muscle fiber responsible for
muscle contraction.
Thin Filaments - Answer- Composed primarily of actin.
Thick Filaments - Answer- Composed primarily of myosin.
Sarcomeres - Answer- Smallest functional units of a muscle fiber; interactions between
filaments produce contraction.
A Bands - Answer- Dark bands in myofibrils; contain thick filaments.
I Bands - Answer- Light bands in myofibrils; contain thin filaments.
Z Lines - Answer- Bisect I bands and mark boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres.
Biceps Brachii - Answer- Muscle responsible for elbow flexion.
, Triceps Brachii - Answer- Muscle responsible for elbow extension.
Quadriceps - Answer- Muscle responsible for knee extension.
Hamstrings - Answer- Muscle responsible for knee flexion.
Deltoid - Answer- Muscle responsible for shoulder abduction.
Pectoralis Major - Answer- Muscle responsible for shoulder flexion and adduction.
Latissimus Dorsi - Answer- Muscle responsible for shoulder extension and adduction.
Gluteus Maximus - Answer- Muscle responsible for hip extension.
Epimysium - Answer- A sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle.
Perimysium - Answer- A sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle
fibers.
Endomysium - Answer- A thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds and separates
individual muscle fibers.
Motor Neurons - Answer- Peripheral neurons that stimulate muscle contraction.
Sensory Neurons - Answer- Peripheral neurons that provide information about body
temperature, taste, and smell.
Skeletal Muscle - Answer- Used for movement and stability by pulling on bones.
Cardiac Muscle - Answer- Uses contraction to push blood in and out of the heart.
Smooth Muscle - Answer- Produced and used to contract and move things out of the
body.
Types of Cartilage - Answer- Includes hyaline (toughest), elastic (flexible), and fibro-
elastic (durable).
Flat bone - Answer- Sternum
Irregular bone - Answer- Vertebral bones
Short bones - Answer- Carpals and tarsals
Sesamoid bone - Answer- Patella
