AQA AS CHEMISTRY 7404 2 PAPER 2 EXAM
SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE ORGANIC AND
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS
⩥ Atom economy. Answer: measure of the efficiency of a chemical
reaction. The proportional mass of reactants that actually become part of
the desired product in a balanced chemical equation.
⩥ Ionic bonding. Answer: Ions (metal and non metal) are held together
by electrostatic forces of attraction due to the transferring of electrons.
Eg: Sodium chloride.
⩥ Mass spectrometer. Answer: An instrument used to accurately
determine the relative atomic mass. Separates atoms or molecules
(gaseous positive ions) according to their charge and mass.
⩥ Orbital. Answer: Region in space where one is likely to find up to two
electrons with opposite spin.
⩥ Covalent Bonding. Answer: holds molecules together by sharing
electrons between non-metals. Eg: I2, Graphite, Diamond.
⩥ Dative Covalent Bonding. Answer: Where both electrons are provided
by one atom for a covalent bond.
,⩥ Linear molecule. Answer: 2 bonds 180 degree angles 2D e.g: CO2
⩥ Trigonal planar molecule. Answer: 3 bonds 120 degree angles 2D e.g:
BF3
⩥ Tetrahedral molecule. Answer: 4 bonds 109.5 degree angles 3D e.g:
CH4
⩥ Trigonal bipyramid molecule. Answer: 5 bonds 120 degree and 90
degree angles 3D e.g.: PCl5
⩥ Octahedral molecule. Answer: 6 bonds 90 degree angles 3D e.g.: SF6
⩥ Lone pairs. Answer: Cause a repulsion of 2.5 degrees.
⩥ Charge Clouds. Answer: What bonding pairs and lone pairs exist as in
a molecule.
⩥ Largest repulsion angle in a molecule. Answer: lone pair - lone pair
⩥ 2nd largest repulsion angle in a molecule. Answer: lone pair - bonding
pair
, ⩥ Smallest repulsion angle in a molecule. Answer: bonding pair -
bonding pair
⩥ Electronegativity. Answer: An atoms ability to attract the electron pair
in a covalent bond
⩥ Polar. Answer: caused by the difference in electronegativity in a
covalent bond, where the electrons are pulled towards the more
electronegative atom creating a dipole.
⩥ Dipole. Answer: difference in charge between atoms created by a shift
in electron density within the bond.
⩥ Permanent dipole- dipole forces. Answer: weak electrostatic forces of
attraction between polar molecules S- and S+ charges in their permanent
dipoles.
⩥ Van der Waals. Answer: The weakest intermolecular force formed
between all atoms and molecules when temporary dipoles are formed
and attracted (due to fast electron movement in charge clouds)
⩥ Hydrogen bonds. Answer: Hydrogen covalently bonded to fluorine,
nitrogen and oxygen. H atoms form bonds with lone pairs. High boiling
and melting points.
SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE ORGANIC AND
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS
⩥ Atom economy. Answer: measure of the efficiency of a chemical
reaction. The proportional mass of reactants that actually become part of
the desired product in a balanced chemical equation.
⩥ Ionic bonding. Answer: Ions (metal and non metal) are held together
by electrostatic forces of attraction due to the transferring of electrons.
Eg: Sodium chloride.
⩥ Mass spectrometer. Answer: An instrument used to accurately
determine the relative atomic mass. Separates atoms or molecules
(gaseous positive ions) according to their charge and mass.
⩥ Orbital. Answer: Region in space where one is likely to find up to two
electrons with opposite spin.
⩥ Covalent Bonding. Answer: holds molecules together by sharing
electrons between non-metals. Eg: I2, Graphite, Diamond.
⩥ Dative Covalent Bonding. Answer: Where both electrons are provided
by one atom for a covalent bond.
,⩥ Linear molecule. Answer: 2 bonds 180 degree angles 2D e.g: CO2
⩥ Trigonal planar molecule. Answer: 3 bonds 120 degree angles 2D e.g:
BF3
⩥ Tetrahedral molecule. Answer: 4 bonds 109.5 degree angles 3D e.g:
CH4
⩥ Trigonal bipyramid molecule. Answer: 5 bonds 120 degree and 90
degree angles 3D e.g.: PCl5
⩥ Octahedral molecule. Answer: 6 bonds 90 degree angles 3D e.g.: SF6
⩥ Lone pairs. Answer: Cause a repulsion of 2.5 degrees.
⩥ Charge Clouds. Answer: What bonding pairs and lone pairs exist as in
a molecule.
⩥ Largest repulsion angle in a molecule. Answer: lone pair - lone pair
⩥ 2nd largest repulsion angle in a molecule. Answer: lone pair - bonding
pair
, ⩥ Smallest repulsion angle in a molecule. Answer: bonding pair -
bonding pair
⩥ Electronegativity. Answer: An atoms ability to attract the electron pair
in a covalent bond
⩥ Polar. Answer: caused by the difference in electronegativity in a
covalent bond, where the electrons are pulled towards the more
electronegative atom creating a dipole.
⩥ Dipole. Answer: difference in charge between atoms created by a shift
in electron density within the bond.
⩥ Permanent dipole- dipole forces. Answer: weak electrostatic forces of
attraction between polar molecules S- and S+ charges in their permanent
dipoles.
⩥ Van der Waals. Answer: The weakest intermolecular force formed
between all atoms and molecules when temporary dipoles are formed
and attracted (due to fast electron movement in charge clouds)
⩥ Hydrogen bonds. Answer: Hydrogen covalently bonded to fluorine,
nitrogen and oxygen. H atoms form bonds with lone pairs. High boiling
and melting points.
