MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology FINAL
EXAM PREP 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
United States University
1. Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER characterized by massive proteinuria
caused by glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the mainstay; Associated
with glomerulonephritis and with an immune response that is
noninflammatory.
2. Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Focal - ANSWER Lesions that involve all or
most (> 50%) of the glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions that
involve some (< 50%) of the glomeruli are termed focal (e.g., focal
segmental glomerulonephritis).
3. Glomerular injury: Global and Segmental - ANSWER When a whole
glomerulus (singular) is affected, the lesion is termed global, and the lesion
is considered segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the glomerulus is
affected.
4. Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli,
and most forms occur as a result of activation of immune mechanisms.
5. Nephritic syndrome - ANSWER Associated with glomerulonephritis and an
immune response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the passage of
, leukocytes, red blood cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a result of
inflammation.
6. what is infectious rhinitis? - ANSWER infection that invaded nasal mucous,
l/t mild inflammation l/t nasal discharge w/ mucous production due to
shedding of epithelial cells; very contagious
7. If the FVC is <80% - ANSWER this signifies + restrictive or obstructive
disease w/ air trapping
8. if TLC <80% - ANSWER this signifies pulmonary restrictive disorder
9. if TLC >80% - ANSWER this signifies pulmonary obstructive disorder
10.What is FEV1/FVC? - ANSWER FEV1 = Forced volume expiratory volume
over 1 second. FVC = Forced volume capacity (i.e. how much of your "sail"
that you can get out over 1 second/How long it takes you to exhale your total
"sail.")
11.What factors cause hypoxic cellular injury? - ANSWER ischemia, anoxia,
cellular responses, repercussion injury
12.how do cellular responses damage cells? - ANSWER with decrease ATP the
Na/K pump fails and tissue swells damaging the cell.
13.What is a free radical? - ANSWER A molecule with at least one unpaired
electron
,14.what is the cellular death necrosis process? - ANSWER Karyolusis to
pyknosis to karyorrexis
15.What is karyolysis? - ANSWER nuclear dissolution and chromatin lysis
16.What is pyknosis? - ANSWER clumping of nucleus
17.What is karyorrhexis? - ANSWER fragmentation of nucleus
18.What is caseous necrosis? - ANSWER Combination of coagulative and
liquefactive necrosis i.e TB
19.how does inflammatory process cause cellular injury? - ANSWER
Immune/inflamatory response cause injury with release of histamines,
enzymes, antibodies, lymphokines
20.What genetic factors cause tissue/cell injury? - ANSWER genetic disease
like sickle cell anemia or muscular dystrophy
21.what is somatic cell death? - ANSWER health of entire person process algor
-livor-rigor mortis ends with autolysis.
22.What is Turner Syndrome? - ANSWER Occurs in females only when they a
deletion of all or have only one X chromosome
23.what are neurofibromatosis? - ANSWER tumors that arise from Schwann
cells
, 24.What is cancer? - ANSWER rapid uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation
and los of differentiation
25.what happens to cells in apoptosis? - ANSWER cells condense and shrink
26.what happens to cells in necrosis? - ANSWER cells swell and burst
27.What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - ANSWER Endo= into the cell
(engulf). Exo= out of the cell (excrete).
28.Hypotonic - ANSWER Having a lower concentration of solute than another
solution
29.White blood cells (WBCs) - ANSWER (also, leukocytes) one of the formed
elements of blood that provides defense against disease agents and foreign
materials-
Neutrophil Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear
Eosinophil Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear
Basophil Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear
Monocyte Agranulocyte, mononuclear
Lymphocyte Agranulocyte, mononuclear
Platelets
EXAM PREP 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
United States University
1. Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER characterized by massive proteinuria
caused by glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the mainstay; Associated
with glomerulonephritis and with an immune response that is
noninflammatory.
2. Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Focal - ANSWER Lesions that involve all or
most (> 50%) of the glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions that
involve some (< 50%) of the glomeruli are termed focal (e.g., focal
segmental glomerulonephritis).
3. Glomerular injury: Global and Segmental - ANSWER When a whole
glomerulus (singular) is affected, the lesion is termed global, and the lesion
is considered segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the glomerulus is
affected.
4. Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli,
and most forms occur as a result of activation of immune mechanisms.
5. Nephritic syndrome - ANSWER Associated with glomerulonephritis and an
immune response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the passage of
, leukocytes, red blood cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a result of
inflammation.
6. what is infectious rhinitis? - ANSWER infection that invaded nasal mucous,
l/t mild inflammation l/t nasal discharge w/ mucous production due to
shedding of epithelial cells; very contagious
7. If the FVC is <80% - ANSWER this signifies + restrictive or obstructive
disease w/ air trapping
8. if TLC <80% - ANSWER this signifies pulmonary restrictive disorder
9. if TLC >80% - ANSWER this signifies pulmonary obstructive disorder
10.What is FEV1/FVC? - ANSWER FEV1 = Forced volume expiratory volume
over 1 second. FVC = Forced volume capacity (i.e. how much of your "sail"
that you can get out over 1 second/How long it takes you to exhale your total
"sail.")
11.What factors cause hypoxic cellular injury? - ANSWER ischemia, anoxia,
cellular responses, repercussion injury
12.how do cellular responses damage cells? - ANSWER with decrease ATP the
Na/K pump fails and tissue swells damaging the cell.
13.What is a free radical? - ANSWER A molecule with at least one unpaired
electron
,14.what is the cellular death necrosis process? - ANSWER Karyolusis to
pyknosis to karyorrexis
15.What is karyolysis? - ANSWER nuclear dissolution and chromatin lysis
16.What is pyknosis? - ANSWER clumping of nucleus
17.What is karyorrhexis? - ANSWER fragmentation of nucleus
18.What is caseous necrosis? - ANSWER Combination of coagulative and
liquefactive necrosis i.e TB
19.how does inflammatory process cause cellular injury? - ANSWER
Immune/inflamatory response cause injury with release of histamines,
enzymes, antibodies, lymphokines
20.What genetic factors cause tissue/cell injury? - ANSWER genetic disease
like sickle cell anemia or muscular dystrophy
21.what is somatic cell death? - ANSWER health of entire person process algor
-livor-rigor mortis ends with autolysis.
22.What is Turner Syndrome? - ANSWER Occurs in females only when they a
deletion of all or have only one X chromosome
23.what are neurofibromatosis? - ANSWER tumors that arise from Schwann
cells
, 24.What is cancer? - ANSWER rapid uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation
and los of differentiation
25.what happens to cells in apoptosis? - ANSWER cells condense and shrink
26.what happens to cells in necrosis? - ANSWER cells swell and burst
27.What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - ANSWER Endo= into the cell
(engulf). Exo= out of the cell (excrete).
28.Hypotonic - ANSWER Having a lower concentration of solute than another
solution
29.White blood cells (WBCs) - ANSWER (also, leukocytes) one of the formed
elements of blood that provides defense against disease agents and foreign
materials-
Neutrophil Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear
Eosinophil Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear
Basophil Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear
Monocyte Agranulocyte, mononuclear
Lymphocyte Agranulocyte, mononuclear
Platelets
