MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology MIDTERM
EXAM PREP 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
United States University
1. respiratory zone - ANSWER respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
2. What does the Respiratory Zone do? - ANSWER Allow inhaled oxygen to
diffuse into the lung capillaries in exchange for CO2
3. Conducting Zone - ANSWER nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles
4. What does conducting zone do? - ANSWER conducts air to respiratory
zone, humidifies, warms, and filters air
5. Most common cancer mutation? - ANSWER Acquired
6. Atropine - ANSWER muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)
7. beta-adrenergic receptors - ANSWER Portions of the nervous system that,
when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the
heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation.
,8. alpha-adrenergic receptors - ANSWER Portions of the nervous system that,
when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels.
9. arachnoid meninges - ANSWER middle layer - network of fibers and
collagen that are part of the suspension system that helps protect the brain
and spinal cord from sudden impact
10.arachnoid meninges layer function - ANSWER contains spinal fluid -
connects dura mater and pia mater. network of fibers and collagen that are
part of the suspension system that helps protect the brain and spinal cord
from sudden impact
11.Blood Brian Barrier - ANSWER The barrier system that restricts the passage
of various chemicals and microscopic entities between the bloodstream and
the central nervous system. It still allows for the passage of essential
substances such as oxygen.
12.glial support cells - ANSWER similar to astroglia of the brain rather than
Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system
13.missense mutation - ANSWER A base-pair substitution that results in a
codon that codes for a different amino acid.
14.silent mutation - ANSWER A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but
does not change the amino acid created.
15.nonsense mutation - ANSWER A mutation that changes an amino acid
codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually
nonfunctional protein.
,16.Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER characterized by massive proteinuria
caused by glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the mainstay; Associated
with glomerulonephritis and with an immune response that is
noninflammatory.
17.Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Focal - ANSWER Lesions that involve all or
most (> 50%) of the glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions that
involve some (< 50%) of the glomeruli are termed focal (e.g., focal
segmental glomerulonephritis).
18.Glomerular injury: Global and Segmental - ANSWER When a whole
glomerulus (singular) is affected, the lesion is termed global, and the lesion
is considered segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the glomerulus is
affected.
19.Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli,
and most forms occur as a result of activation of immune mechanisms.
20.Nephritic syndrome - ANSWER Associated with glomerulonephritis and an
immune response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the passage of
leukocytes, red blood cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a result of
inflammation.
1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia 3.) Salt retention --
periorbital edema and hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts
and dysmorphic RBCs in urine-- Immune Complex deposition
activated Complement; C5a attracts neutrophils which mediate the
damage
21.Proliferative structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to an
increase in glomerular cells (e.g., mesangial, endothelial, basement
, membrane). In the extra capillary space, this forms specific lesions that are
termed crescents, which are made of macrophages, fibroblasts, and other
cells. These crescent cells accumulate in the Bowman space and represent a
rupture of the capsule.
22.Chromosomes - ANSWER a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein
found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the
form of genes.
23.Chromatin - ANSWER DNA is combined and wrapped around histone
proteins
24.active transport - ANSWER the movement of ions or molecules across a cell
membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and
requiring energy.
25.Diffusion - ANSWER Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
26.Osmosis - ANSWER diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane
27.Endocystosis - ANSWER the process during which a cell takes in a
substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane
28.Phagocytosis - ANSWER Cell eating
29.Which substrate-level energy form is produced as a result of the reaction that
converts succinyl-CoA to succinate? - ANSWER GTP
EXAM PREP 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
United States University
1. respiratory zone - ANSWER respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
2. What does the Respiratory Zone do? - ANSWER Allow inhaled oxygen to
diffuse into the lung capillaries in exchange for CO2
3. Conducting Zone - ANSWER nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles
4. What does conducting zone do? - ANSWER conducts air to respiratory
zone, humidifies, warms, and filters air
5. Most common cancer mutation? - ANSWER Acquired
6. Atropine - ANSWER muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)
7. beta-adrenergic receptors - ANSWER Portions of the nervous system that,
when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the
heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation.
,8. alpha-adrenergic receptors - ANSWER Portions of the nervous system that,
when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels.
9. arachnoid meninges - ANSWER middle layer - network of fibers and
collagen that are part of the suspension system that helps protect the brain
and spinal cord from sudden impact
10.arachnoid meninges layer function - ANSWER contains spinal fluid -
connects dura mater and pia mater. network of fibers and collagen that are
part of the suspension system that helps protect the brain and spinal cord
from sudden impact
11.Blood Brian Barrier - ANSWER The barrier system that restricts the passage
of various chemicals and microscopic entities between the bloodstream and
the central nervous system. It still allows for the passage of essential
substances such as oxygen.
12.glial support cells - ANSWER similar to astroglia of the brain rather than
Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system
13.missense mutation - ANSWER A base-pair substitution that results in a
codon that codes for a different amino acid.
14.silent mutation - ANSWER A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but
does not change the amino acid created.
15.nonsense mutation - ANSWER A mutation that changes an amino acid
codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually
nonfunctional protein.
,16.Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER characterized by massive proteinuria
caused by glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the mainstay; Associated
with glomerulonephritis and with an immune response that is
noninflammatory.
17.Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Focal - ANSWER Lesions that involve all or
most (> 50%) of the glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions that
involve some (< 50%) of the glomeruli are termed focal (e.g., focal
segmental glomerulonephritis).
18.Glomerular injury: Global and Segmental - ANSWER When a whole
glomerulus (singular) is affected, the lesion is termed global, and the lesion
is considered segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the glomerulus is
affected.
19.Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli,
and most forms occur as a result of activation of immune mechanisms.
20.Nephritic syndrome - ANSWER Associated with glomerulonephritis and an
immune response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the passage of
leukocytes, red blood cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a result of
inflammation.
1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia 3.) Salt retention --
periorbital edema and hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts
and dysmorphic RBCs in urine-- Immune Complex deposition
activated Complement; C5a attracts neutrophils which mediate the
damage
21.Proliferative structural (histologic) descriptor - ANSWER refers to an
increase in glomerular cells (e.g., mesangial, endothelial, basement
, membrane). In the extra capillary space, this forms specific lesions that are
termed crescents, which are made of macrophages, fibroblasts, and other
cells. These crescent cells accumulate in the Bowman space and represent a
rupture of the capsule.
22.Chromosomes - ANSWER a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein
found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the
form of genes.
23.Chromatin - ANSWER DNA is combined and wrapped around histone
proteins
24.active transport - ANSWER the movement of ions or molecules across a cell
membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and
requiring energy.
25.Diffusion - ANSWER Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
26.Osmosis - ANSWER diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane
27.Endocystosis - ANSWER the process during which a cell takes in a
substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane
28.Phagocytosis - ANSWER Cell eating
29.Which substrate-level energy form is produced as a result of the reaction that
converts succinyl-CoA to succinate? - ANSWER GTP
