CSCI 3030 Midterm Exam Questions And
Answers 100% Correct
society - ANSWER an association of people organized under a system of rules designed
to advance the good of its members over time
Morality - ANSWER Every society has rules of conduct describing what people ought and
ought not to do in various situations. We call these rules
Ethics - ANSWER the philosophical study of morality, a rational examination into
people's moral beliefs and behavior
Relativism - ANSWER is the theory that there are no universal moral norms of right and
wrong. According to this theory, different individuals or groups of people can have
completely opposite views of a moral problem, and both can be right
Subjective Relativism - ANSWER holds that each person decides right and wrong for
himself or herself. This notion is captured in the popular expression, "What's right for
you may not be right for me."
cultural relativism - ANSWER is the ethical theory that the meaning of "right" and
"wrong" rests with a society's actual moral guidelines. These guidelines vary from place
to place and from time to time.
,Divine Command Theory - ANSWER based on the idea that good actions are those
aligned with the will of God and bad actions are those contrary to the will of God.
Ethical Egoism - ANSWER the philosophy that each person should focus exclusively on
his or her self-interest.
Kantianism - ANSWER an ethical philosophy claiming that motives and universal rules
are important aspects in judging what is right or wrong
Dutifulness - ANSWER Our sense of "ought to" is called
Categorical Imparitive (1st formulation) - ANSWER Act only from moral rules that you
can at the same time will to be universal moral laws.
Categorical Imparitive (2nd formulation) - ANSWER Act so that you always treat both
yourself and other people as ends in themselves, and never only as a means to an end.
Act Utilitarianism - ANSWER an action is good if its benefits exceed its harms, and an
action is bad if its harms exceed its benefits
Principle of Utility (Greatest Happiness Principle) - ANSWER An action is right (or wrong)
to the extent that it increases (or decreases) the total happiness of the affected parties
consequentialist theory - ANSWER focus is on the consequences of an action.
, Rule Utilitarianism - ANSWER is the ethical theory that holds that we ought to adopt
those moral rules that, if followed by everyone, lead to the greatest increase in total
happiness over all affected parties.
Social Contract Theory - ANSWER Morality consists in the set of rules, governing how
people are to treat one another, that rational people will agree to accept, for their
mutual benefit, on the condition that others follow those rules as well.
negative rights - ANSWER is a right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone to
exercise your right
Positive Right - ANSWER is a right that obligates others to do something on your behalf
absolute right - ANSWER is a right that is guaranteed without exception
limited right - ANSWER a right that may be restricted based on the circumstances.
John Rawls's Principles of Justice (1) - ANSWER Each person may claim a "fully adequate"
number of basic rights and liberties, such as freedom of thought and speech, freedom of
association, the right to be safe from harm, and the right to own property, so long as
these claims are consistent with everyone else having a claim to the same rights and
liberties.
Answers 100% Correct
society - ANSWER an association of people organized under a system of rules designed
to advance the good of its members over time
Morality - ANSWER Every society has rules of conduct describing what people ought and
ought not to do in various situations. We call these rules
Ethics - ANSWER the philosophical study of morality, a rational examination into
people's moral beliefs and behavior
Relativism - ANSWER is the theory that there are no universal moral norms of right and
wrong. According to this theory, different individuals or groups of people can have
completely opposite views of a moral problem, and both can be right
Subjective Relativism - ANSWER holds that each person decides right and wrong for
himself or herself. This notion is captured in the popular expression, "What's right for
you may not be right for me."
cultural relativism - ANSWER is the ethical theory that the meaning of "right" and
"wrong" rests with a society's actual moral guidelines. These guidelines vary from place
to place and from time to time.
,Divine Command Theory - ANSWER based on the idea that good actions are those
aligned with the will of God and bad actions are those contrary to the will of God.
Ethical Egoism - ANSWER the philosophy that each person should focus exclusively on
his or her self-interest.
Kantianism - ANSWER an ethical philosophy claiming that motives and universal rules
are important aspects in judging what is right or wrong
Dutifulness - ANSWER Our sense of "ought to" is called
Categorical Imparitive (1st formulation) - ANSWER Act only from moral rules that you
can at the same time will to be universal moral laws.
Categorical Imparitive (2nd formulation) - ANSWER Act so that you always treat both
yourself and other people as ends in themselves, and never only as a means to an end.
Act Utilitarianism - ANSWER an action is good if its benefits exceed its harms, and an
action is bad if its harms exceed its benefits
Principle of Utility (Greatest Happiness Principle) - ANSWER An action is right (or wrong)
to the extent that it increases (or decreases) the total happiness of the affected parties
consequentialist theory - ANSWER focus is on the consequences of an action.
, Rule Utilitarianism - ANSWER is the ethical theory that holds that we ought to adopt
those moral rules that, if followed by everyone, lead to the greatest increase in total
happiness over all affected parties.
Social Contract Theory - ANSWER Morality consists in the set of rules, governing how
people are to treat one another, that rational people will agree to accept, for their
mutual benefit, on the condition that others follow those rules as well.
negative rights - ANSWER is a right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone to
exercise your right
Positive Right - ANSWER is a right that obligates others to do something on your behalf
absolute right - ANSWER is a right that is guaranteed without exception
limited right - ANSWER a right that may be restricted based on the circumstances.
John Rawls's Principles of Justice (1) - ANSWER Each person may claim a "fully adequate"
number of basic rights and liberties, such as freedom of thought and speech, freedom of
association, the right to be safe from harm, and the right to own property, so long as
these claims are consistent with everyone else having a claim to the same rights and
liberties.
