biol 373 Exam 1 Real Exam Questions with Correct Answers| Latest Update
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neural plate develops into: - neural tube (precursor to CNS)
at 4 weeks of gestation - division of brain mater into fore, mid, hindbrain and spinal cord
at6 weeks of gestation - hindbrain divides int medulla, cerebellum and pons
- forebrain divides into diencephalon and cerebrum
at 11 weeks of gestation - rapid growth of cerebrum
function of the spinal cord - protection and support o CNS
cranial meninges - dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
what is contained with in the dura mater - dural (venous) sinus
what is contained within the subarachnoid space - CSF
CSF - low in protein, K, Ca, HCO3, glucose and pH
how often is CS replaced - 4 times a day
where is CSF produced - cored plexus (within all ventricles)
,pathway of CSF - ventricles
- medial and lateral apertures
- drains into the subarachnoid space
- travels through the arachnoid villi to the dural sinus to the heart
types of glial cells in CNS - oligodendrocytes
- microglia
- astrocytes
- ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes - myelin sheath
microglia - immune cell linkage
- scavengers
astrocytes - regulate local ECF by releasing chemicals
ependymal cells - barrier between compartments
what crosses the blood-brain barrier easily - lipid soluble molecules
what needs a transporter to cross the blood-brain barrier - hydrophilic substances (ions, AA,
proteins)
blood-brain barrier - O2 difusion
- high expression of glucose transporters
, sympathetic pathway - thoracolumbar
parasympathetic pathway cranial sacral
contained within the grey matter - somatosensory nuclei
- visceral sensory nuclei
- autonomic efferent nuclei
- somatic motor nuclei
contain within the white matter - DCML
- spinothalamic
- lateral and anterior corticospinal
spinal reflex - initiation of response without input from the brain
- interneurons will send information about the stimulus and action to the brain
brainstem - oldest and most primitive
- origin for cranial nerves
Midbrain - coordination of eye movement, visual and auditory reflexes
hindbrain - pons
- medulla
pons - relay to cerebrum and regulate breathing
Guaranteed Success
neural plate develops into: - neural tube (precursor to CNS)
at 4 weeks of gestation - division of brain mater into fore, mid, hindbrain and spinal cord
at6 weeks of gestation - hindbrain divides int medulla, cerebellum and pons
- forebrain divides into diencephalon and cerebrum
at 11 weeks of gestation - rapid growth of cerebrum
function of the spinal cord - protection and support o CNS
cranial meninges - dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
what is contained with in the dura mater - dural (venous) sinus
what is contained within the subarachnoid space - CSF
CSF - low in protein, K, Ca, HCO3, glucose and pH
how often is CS replaced - 4 times a day
where is CSF produced - cored plexus (within all ventricles)
,pathway of CSF - ventricles
- medial and lateral apertures
- drains into the subarachnoid space
- travels through the arachnoid villi to the dural sinus to the heart
types of glial cells in CNS - oligodendrocytes
- microglia
- astrocytes
- ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes - myelin sheath
microglia - immune cell linkage
- scavengers
astrocytes - regulate local ECF by releasing chemicals
ependymal cells - barrier between compartments
what crosses the blood-brain barrier easily - lipid soluble molecules
what needs a transporter to cross the blood-brain barrier - hydrophilic substances (ions, AA,
proteins)
blood-brain barrier - O2 difusion
- high expression of glucose transporters
, sympathetic pathway - thoracolumbar
parasympathetic pathway cranial sacral
contained within the grey matter - somatosensory nuclei
- visceral sensory nuclei
- autonomic efferent nuclei
- somatic motor nuclei
contain within the white matter - DCML
- spinothalamic
- lateral and anterior corticospinal
spinal reflex - initiation of response without input from the brain
- interneurons will send information about the stimulus and action to the brain
brainstem - oldest and most primitive
- origin for cranial nerves
Midbrain - coordination of eye movement, visual and auditory reflexes
hindbrain - pons
- medulla
pons - relay to cerebrum and regulate breathing
