UTA PATHO UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔hematuria - ✔✔blood in urine due to high pressures
✔✔proteinuria - ✔✔protein found in urine due to high pressure
✔✔Aneurysms - ✔✔dilated or out-pouching of arterial vessel wall from
weakened arterial walls
injury to the intima allowing blood to seep into arterial muscles and tissues
✔✔Aneurysm S/S - ✔✔if leaks or ruptures in brain
weakness on one side of the body
change in level of consciousness
headache
✔✔How to prevent HTN/ arterial disease - ✔✔manage stress, smoking, alcohol
Lower LDL and HDL
exercise
increase good fat
Beta-blockers to help sympathetic overactivity
ACE inhibitor to help RAAS overactivity
✔✔RUQ contains - ✔✔liver&gall bladder, part of pancreas, part of transverse colon
✔✔LUQ contains - ✔✔part of stomach, spleen, part of transverse colon
✔✔RLQ contains - ✔✔cecum, appendix, part of ascending colon
✔✔LLQ contains - ✔✔Part of descending colon, sigmoid colon
✔✔Umbilical region contains - ✔✔lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum
✔✔epigastric area contains - ✔✔pyloric area of stomach, duodenum, art of pancreas
✔✔Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) - ✔✔reflux of hydrochloric acid and
pepsin from stomach into esophagus--due to relaxation of lower esophageal sphinctor
✔✔Barrett's esophagus - ✔✔Tissue in esophagus becomes dysplastic (precancerous)
due to GERD
✔✔Hiatal heria - ✔✔stomach herniates through the diaphragm causing GERD,
dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
, ✔✔Gastritis - ✔✔inflammation of gastric tissue can cause erosion
S/S pain, burning, bleeding
✔✔acute gastritis - ✔✔results from overuse of NSAIDS (suppress protective
prostaglandins) or ETOH (alcohol)
heals once offending agent is removed
✔✔Chronic gastritis (atrophic gastritis) - ✔✔Autoimmune etiology
occurs in elderly
DEVELOP pernicious anemia
✔✔Peptic Ulcer disease (PUD) - ✔✔inflammation of stomach and proximal duodenum
mucosal lining allowing acid to ulcerate underlying tissue causing ULCERS
✔✔Causes of PUD - ✔✔ASA(aspirin)
NSAID ALl DECREASE PROSTAGLANDINS
Chronic steroids
Heavy alcohol use
chronic disease such as liver,CKD,diabetes
Psychological stress
H.Pylori
✔✔Heliobacter Pylori - ✔✔bacteria ingested that burrows past mucous lining and
attatches to epithelial cells
S/Spain after eating
GI bleeding
Treated by antiacids and eradicated by antibiotics
✔✔Colorectal cancer - ✔✔S/S blood in stool
changes in bowel habits
TX if confined to polyp- polypectomy
if widespread removal of part of colon leading to colostomy
✔✔Inflammatory bowl disease - ✔✔inflamm of lining and walls of intestines
Crohn's disease
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔hematuria - ✔✔blood in urine due to high pressures
✔✔proteinuria - ✔✔protein found in urine due to high pressure
✔✔Aneurysms - ✔✔dilated or out-pouching of arterial vessel wall from
weakened arterial walls
injury to the intima allowing blood to seep into arterial muscles and tissues
✔✔Aneurysm S/S - ✔✔if leaks or ruptures in brain
weakness on one side of the body
change in level of consciousness
headache
✔✔How to prevent HTN/ arterial disease - ✔✔manage stress, smoking, alcohol
Lower LDL and HDL
exercise
increase good fat
Beta-blockers to help sympathetic overactivity
ACE inhibitor to help RAAS overactivity
✔✔RUQ contains - ✔✔liver&gall bladder, part of pancreas, part of transverse colon
✔✔LUQ contains - ✔✔part of stomach, spleen, part of transverse colon
✔✔RLQ contains - ✔✔cecum, appendix, part of ascending colon
✔✔LLQ contains - ✔✔Part of descending colon, sigmoid colon
✔✔Umbilical region contains - ✔✔lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum
✔✔epigastric area contains - ✔✔pyloric area of stomach, duodenum, art of pancreas
✔✔Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) - ✔✔reflux of hydrochloric acid and
pepsin from stomach into esophagus--due to relaxation of lower esophageal sphinctor
✔✔Barrett's esophagus - ✔✔Tissue in esophagus becomes dysplastic (precancerous)
due to GERD
✔✔Hiatal heria - ✔✔stomach herniates through the diaphragm causing GERD,
dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
, ✔✔Gastritis - ✔✔inflammation of gastric tissue can cause erosion
S/S pain, burning, bleeding
✔✔acute gastritis - ✔✔results from overuse of NSAIDS (suppress protective
prostaglandins) or ETOH (alcohol)
heals once offending agent is removed
✔✔Chronic gastritis (atrophic gastritis) - ✔✔Autoimmune etiology
occurs in elderly
DEVELOP pernicious anemia
✔✔Peptic Ulcer disease (PUD) - ✔✔inflammation of stomach and proximal duodenum
mucosal lining allowing acid to ulcerate underlying tissue causing ULCERS
✔✔Causes of PUD - ✔✔ASA(aspirin)
NSAID ALl DECREASE PROSTAGLANDINS
Chronic steroids
Heavy alcohol use
chronic disease such as liver,CKD,diabetes
Psychological stress
H.Pylori
✔✔Heliobacter Pylori - ✔✔bacteria ingested that burrows past mucous lining and
attatches to epithelial cells
S/Spain after eating
GI bleeding
Treated by antiacids and eradicated by antibiotics
✔✔Colorectal cancer - ✔✔S/S blood in stool
changes in bowel habits
TX if confined to polyp- polypectomy
if widespread removal of part of colon leading to colostomy
✔✔Inflammatory bowl disease - ✔✔inflamm of lining and walls of intestines
Crohn's disease
