NSC 252 EXAM 1 (INTRO TO PROFESSIONAL
NURSING)
Nursing is an autonomous and caring profession. Nursing is an art and science that
promotes health through patient-centered care. While respecting patients' rights to self-
determination, nursing provides holistic care during health, illness, and death - Answers
-EKU DGBN definition of nursing
pre mid 19th century - Answers -Dates back to the 3rd and 4th centuries - men &
women provided care and healing for the poor, sick, & homeless
Influenced by such things as women's roles & status, religion, war, societal attitudes...
Not a "respectable" occupation at this point in history
mid late 1800s - Answers -nightingale era
training for nurses began (American civil war)
Primarily "trained" by physicians (medical model) and were in very subservient roles
nightingale era - Answers -envisioned nurses as "educated", primary focus within
hospitals, began to transform nursing into a respectable profession
early 1900s - Answers --Diploma/"apprenticeship" nurse training; still primarily trained
by physicians (medical model)
-first nursing journal published
-first BSN program established
-first two university schools of nursing established; curricula based on educational
needs of nurses, rather than on hospital service needs
-first midwifery program in US
-BSN, MSN, & PhD's in Nursing established
American Journal of Nursing - Answers -first professional nursing journal
Mary Breckinridge - Answers -Founder of Frontier Nursing Service in Hyden, KY
1st midwifery education program in the U.S. & 1st based on research (moving from lay
midwifery to professional midwifery)
mid-late 1900s - Answers --LPN/LVN programs created - need for field nurses who
could be trained quickly (World War II)
-Mandatory, standardized licensure required for registered nurses (RNs) nationwide
-ADN education
-NLN began accrediting schools of nursing
-first research journal published
-growth of bacc. & graduate nursing education
, -Growth of nursing as a "science" and of nursing research and theory development
Nursing Research - Answers -first professional research article
dynamic period - Answers -demographics/aging of America; increasing diversity;
increased valuing of men in nursing; lifestyle changes; health care system/reform;
advances in health care information, knowledge, technology
21st century - Answers --dynamic period
-Increased recognition of nursing as a profession & academic discipline
-On-going development of nursing theory, research, education, & practice
-Explosion of technology & informatics
-Focus on health promotion, evidence-based nursing practice, outcomes of nursing
practice, economics...
Florence Nightingale - Answers -"Founder of Modern Nursing" - laid foundation for
today's nursing education, practice, & research
1st nurse educator, researcher, & theorist
Clara Barton - Answers -"Angel of the Battlefield" - American Civil War; known for her
compassionate care
Founder of the American Red Cross
Linda Richards - Answers -America's 1st trained nurse - 1873
Initiated nurse's notes, doctor's notes, & nurses wearing uniforms
Mary Mahoney - Answers -America's 1st African-American professionally educated
nurse
Worked for acceptance of African Americans in nursing & for promotion of equal
opportunities
Lillian Wald - Answers -Founder of Public Health Nursing
Established the Henry Street Settlement, in New York's Lower East Side
Still in operation today
1. The services provided are vital to humanity and the welfare of society.
2. Research-based knowledge.
3. The services involve intellectual activities; accountability.
NURSING)
Nursing is an autonomous and caring profession. Nursing is an art and science that
promotes health through patient-centered care. While respecting patients' rights to self-
determination, nursing provides holistic care during health, illness, and death - Answers
-EKU DGBN definition of nursing
pre mid 19th century - Answers -Dates back to the 3rd and 4th centuries - men &
women provided care and healing for the poor, sick, & homeless
Influenced by such things as women's roles & status, religion, war, societal attitudes...
Not a "respectable" occupation at this point in history
mid late 1800s - Answers -nightingale era
training for nurses began (American civil war)
Primarily "trained" by physicians (medical model) and were in very subservient roles
nightingale era - Answers -envisioned nurses as "educated", primary focus within
hospitals, began to transform nursing into a respectable profession
early 1900s - Answers --Diploma/"apprenticeship" nurse training; still primarily trained
by physicians (medical model)
-first nursing journal published
-first BSN program established
-first two university schools of nursing established; curricula based on educational
needs of nurses, rather than on hospital service needs
-first midwifery program in US
-BSN, MSN, & PhD's in Nursing established
American Journal of Nursing - Answers -first professional nursing journal
Mary Breckinridge - Answers -Founder of Frontier Nursing Service in Hyden, KY
1st midwifery education program in the U.S. & 1st based on research (moving from lay
midwifery to professional midwifery)
mid-late 1900s - Answers --LPN/LVN programs created - need for field nurses who
could be trained quickly (World War II)
-Mandatory, standardized licensure required for registered nurses (RNs) nationwide
-ADN education
-NLN began accrediting schools of nursing
-first research journal published
-growth of bacc. & graduate nursing education
, -Growth of nursing as a "science" and of nursing research and theory development
Nursing Research - Answers -first professional research article
dynamic period - Answers -demographics/aging of America; increasing diversity;
increased valuing of men in nursing; lifestyle changes; health care system/reform;
advances in health care information, knowledge, technology
21st century - Answers --dynamic period
-Increased recognition of nursing as a profession & academic discipline
-On-going development of nursing theory, research, education, & practice
-Explosion of technology & informatics
-Focus on health promotion, evidence-based nursing practice, outcomes of nursing
practice, economics...
Florence Nightingale - Answers -"Founder of Modern Nursing" - laid foundation for
today's nursing education, practice, & research
1st nurse educator, researcher, & theorist
Clara Barton - Answers -"Angel of the Battlefield" - American Civil War; known for her
compassionate care
Founder of the American Red Cross
Linda Richards - Answers -America's 1st trained nurse - 1873
Initiated nurse's notes, doctor's notes, & nurses wearing uniforms
Mary Mahoney - Answers -America's 1st African-American professionally educated
nurse
Worked for acceptance of African Americans in nursing & for promotion of equal
opportunities
Lillian Wald - Answers -Founder of Public Health Nursing
Established the Henry Street Settlement, in New York's Lower East Side
Still in operation today
1. The services provided are vital to humanity and the welfare of society.
2. Research-based knowledge.
3. The services involve intellectual activities; accountability.
