BIOL 207 Midterm 1 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2026/2027
Which stage does DNA replication occur? - Answers S phase
What are the 3 cohesin proteins? - Answers Smc3, Smc1, Scc1
What do protected cohesins hold together? - Answers sister chromatids
When are cohesin rings broken? - Answers before anaphase
how many chromosomes are in an embryo to adult stage? - Answers 2n=46
how much DNA is in a 2n organism at G1, S, G2, M? - Answers 2c, 4c, 4c, 2c
what do unprotected cohesins hold together? - Answers homologous chromosomes
Do protected or unportected cohesins get broken during anaphase 1? - Answers unprotected
anaphase 2 breaks which cohesins? - Answers protected
spermatogenesis and oogenesis are what type of process? - Answers gametogenesis
Oogenesis: what are the end products? - Answers one large haploid cell and polar bodies
Process of oogenesis? - Answers 1) meiosis in fetus
2) pause in prophase 1
3) puberty - once a month cells resume meiosis, enter oviduct, can be fertilized
dizygotic twins occur how? - Answers fraternal twins - 2 zygotes, 2 blastocysts
two ways monozygotic twins occur? (least common) - Answers 1 zygote splits at the two cell
stage, 2 blastocysts OR 1 blastocyst splits into two -- same membrane for pregnancy
Corn produces ... - Answers pollen and eggs
yeast produces... - Answers a/alpha cells that produce a and alpha cells through meiosis
cell fusion - Answers haploid yeast cells do this to make diploid cells (a/alpha cells)
what process makes one multicellular organism or many unicellular organisms - Answers
mitosis
can alpha fuse with alpha cells - Answers no. alpha can only fuse with a
meisosis of a/alpha cell produces... - Answers two a and two alpha cells
yeast uses what mechanism during mitosis - Answers budding
, nucleic acid rules? (5) - Answers 1) made using triphosphate nucleotides
2) made 5' to 3'
3) made using ssDNA template
4) pair antiparallel
5) pair with complimentary base pairing
prokaryotic DNA and organelle DNA is ... - Answers circular
eukaryotic DNA is ... - Answers linear
DNA pols cannot reach the ends of DNA. What is the solution? (2 parts) - Answers 1) telomere
DNA (sacrificial)
2) telomerase - makes telomeres
DNA is too long. What is the solution? - Answers thousands of oris on each chromosome
Does Telomerase use ssDNA as the template? - Answers no. Telomerase uses RNA as a
template
Since telomerase uses RNA to make DNA, it is referred to as a .... - Answers RNA -dependent
DNA polymerase
Histone proteins wrap DNA around it. DNA + Histones = - Answers nucleosome
What do condensins do? - Answers hold together loops within chromatid
*Cohesin holds sister chromatids together*
chromosomes in metaphase contain: - Answers histones, DNA, Cohesins, and condensins
centromere in the middle - Answers metacentric
centromere at the end - Answers telocentric
centromere towards one end - Answers acrocentric
MIDTERM** how is karyotype written? - Answers total # of chromosomes, sex chromosomes
(XX/XY/XXY), abnormalities (-21/del(5)/+11)
p arm is the - Answers small arm
q arm is the - Answers long arm
better prep of metaphase spread = - Answers more visible bands
Which stage does DNA replication occur? - Answers S phase
What are the 3 cohesin proteins? - Answers Smc3, Smc1, Scc1
What do protected cohesins hold together? - Answers sister chromatids
When are cohesin rings broken? - Answers before anaphase
how many chromosomes are in an embryo to adult stage? - Answers 2n=46
how much DNA is in a 2n organism at G1, S, G2, M? - Answers 2c, 4c, 4c, 2c
what do unprotected cohesins hold together? - Answers homologous chromosomes
Do protected or unportected cohesins get broken during anaphase 1? - Answers unprotected
anaphase 2 breaks which cohesins? - Answers protected
spermatogenesis and oogenesis are what type of process? - Answers gametogenesis
Oogenesis: what are the end products? - Answers one large haploid cell and polar bodies
Process of oogenesis? - Answers 1) meiosis in fetus
2) pause in prophase 1
3) puberty - once a month cells resume meiosis, enter oviduct, can be fertilized
dizygotic twins occur how? - Answers fraternal twins - 2 zygotes, 2 blastocysts
two ways monozygotic twins occur? (least common) - Answers 1 zygote splits at the two cell
stage, 2 blastocysts OR 1 blastocyst splits into two -- same membrane for pregnancy
Corn produces ... - Answers pollen and eggs
yeast produces... - Answers a/alpha cells that produce a and alpha cells through meiosis
cell fusion - Answers haploid yeast cells do this to make diploid cells (a/alpha cells)
what process makes one multicellular organism or many unicellular organisms - Answers
mitosis
can alpha fuse with alpha cells - Answers no. alpha can only fuse with a
meisosis of a/alpha cell produces... - Answers two a and two alpha cells
yeast uses what mechanism during mitosis - Answers budding
, nucleic acid rules? (5) - Answers 1) made using triphosphate nucleotides
2) made 5' to 3'
3) made using ssDNA template
4) pair antiparallel
5) pair with complimentary base pairing
prokaryotic DNA and organelle DNA is ... - Answers circular
eukaryotic DNA is ... - Answers linear
DNA pols cannot reach the ends of DNA. What is the solution? (2 parts) - Answers 1) telomere
DNA (sacrificial)
2) telomerase - makes telomeres
DNA is too long. What is the solution? - Answers thousands of oris on each chromosome
Does Telomerase use ssDNA as the template? - Answers no. Telomerase uses RNA as a
template
Since telomerase uses RNA to make DNA, it is referred to as a .... - Answers RNA -dependent
DNA polymerase
Histone proteins wrap DNA around it. DNA + Histones = - Answers nucleosome
What do condensins do? - Answers hold together loops within chromatid
*Cohesin holds sister chromatids together*
chromosomes in metaphase contain: - Answers histones, DNA, Cohesins, and condensins
centromere in the middle - Answers metacentric
centromere at the end - Answers telocentric
centromere towards one end - Answers acrocentric
MIDTERM** how is karyotype written? - Answers total # of chromosomes, sex chromosomes
(XX/XY/XXY), abnormalities (-21/del(5)/+11)
p arm is the - Answers small arm
q arm is the - Answers long arm
better prep of metaphase spread = - Answers more visible bands
