GCSE
Biology B
H422/01: Fundamentals of biology
A Level
*1848907144*
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be
given for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 110.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 44 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2025 [601/4720/9] DC (DE/SG) 347647/4
OCR is an exempt Charity
Turn over
Section A
You should spend a maximum of 40 minutes on this section.
Write your answer for each question in the box provided.
1 Which type of blood cell is shown in the annotated drawing?
Non-granulated cytoplasm
Kidney-bean shaped nucleus
A Erythrocyte
, 2
B Lymphocyte
C Monocyte
D Neutrophil
Your answer
2 Which technique uses fluorescent markers to tag cells so they can be counted and
identified when passed through a laser beam?
A Differential staining
B Flow cytometry
C Gel electrophoresis
D Haemocytometry
Your answer
3 Which statement about ATP is not correct?
A It can be hydrolysed to form AMP.
B It contains the pentose sugar, ribose.
C It contains the pyrimidine nitrogenous base, adenine.
D It is a phosphorylated nucleotide.
Your answer
4 The percentage base composition of DNA from a species of octopus is shown in the
table.
Base Adenine X Y Z
% base composition 33.2 17.6 17.5 31.7
of DNA
Which option correctly identifies bases X, Y and Z?
A Base X is cytosine, Y is guanine and Z is thymine.
B Base X is cytosine, Y is guanine and Z is uracil.
C Base X is thymine, Y is cytosine and Z is guanine.
D Base X is uracil, Y is cytosine and Z is guanine.
© OCR 2025
, 3
Your answer
5 A student calculated cardiac output (CO) using the equation:
CO = heart rate × stroke volume.
What unit of measurement is appropriate for cardiac output?
A bpm cm–3
B cm3 bpm
C dm–3 min–1
D dm3 min–1
Your answer
6 Which of the following statements about the advantages of a closed circulatory
system is/are correct?
1 Deoxygenated and oxygenated blood are separated.
2 Higher blood pressure is maintained in both pulmonary and systemic circuits.
3 Low blood volumes can maintain movement in the circulatory system.
A 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B Only 1 and 2 are correct
C Only 2 and 3 are correct
D Only 1 is correct
Your answer
7 Alveoli are structures found in the mammalian gaseous exchange system.
Which cells would be present in the walls of alveoli?
A Ciliated epithelial cells
B Goblet cells
C Muscle cells
D Squamous epithelial cells
© OCR 2025 Turn over
, 4
Your answer
8 The surface area provided by a single alveolus is approximately 300 000 μm2.
A person was estimated to have 250 million alveoli in each lung.
What is the estimated gas exchange surface area in m2 for this person?
A 7.5 × 101
B 1.5 × 102
C 7.5 × 107
D 1.5 × 108
Your answer
9 The diagram shows the feet of a chicken embryo and an adult chicken.
Webbing
Embryo Adult
What process ensures that webbing between the toes of the chicken is removed
during development?
A Apoptosis
B Cytokinesis
C Differentiation
D Mitosis
Your answer
© OCR 2025
Biology B
H422/01: Fundamentals of biology
A Level
*1848907144*
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be
given for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 110.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 44 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2025 [601/4720/9] DC (DE/SG) 347647/4
OCR is an exempt Charity
Turn over
Section A
You should spend a maximum of 40 minutes on this section.
Write your answer for each question in the box provided.
1 Which type of blood cell is shown in the annotated drawing?
Non-granulated cytoplasm
Kidney-bean shaped nucleus
A Erythrocyte
, 2
B Lymphocyte
C Monocyte
D Neutrophil
Your answer
2 Which technique uses fluorescent markers to tag cells so they can be counted and
identified when passed through a laser beam?
A Differential staining
B Flow cytometry
C Gel electrophoresis
D Haemocytometry
Your answer
3 Which statement about ATP is not correct?
A It can be hydrolysed to form AMP.
B It contains the pentose sugar, ribose.
C It contains the pyrimidine nitrogenous base, adenine.
D It is a phosphorylated nucleotide.
Your answer
4 The percentage base composition of DNA from a species of octopus is shown in the
table.
Base Adenine X Y Z
% base composition 33.2 17.6 17.5 31.7
of DNA
Which option correctly identifies bases X, Y and Z?
A Base X is cytosine, Y is guanine and Z is thymine.
B Base X is cytosine, Y is guanine and Z is uracil.
C Base X is thymine, Y is cytosine and Z is guanine.
D Base X is uracil, Y is cytosine and Z is guanine.
© OCR 2025
, 3
Your answer
5 A student calculated cardiac output (CO) using the equation:
CO = heart rate × stroke volume.
What unit of measurement is appropriate for cardiac output?
A bpm cm–3
B cm3 bpm
C dm–3 min–1
D dm3 min–1
Your answer
6 Which of the following statements about the advantages of a closed circulatory
system is/are correct?
1 Deoxygenated and oxygenated blood are separated.
2 Higher blood pressure is maintained in both pulmonary and systemic circuits.
3 Low blood volumes can maintain movement in the circulatory system.
A 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B Only 1 and 2 are correct
C Only 2 and 3 are correct
D Only 1 is correct
Your answer
7 Alveoli are structures found in the mammalian gaseous exchange system.
Which cells would be present in the walls of alveoli?
A Ciliated epithelial cells
B Goblet cells
C Muscle cells
D Squamous epithelial cells
© OCR 2025 Turn over
, 4
Your answer
8 The surface area provided by a single alveolus is approximately 300 000 μm2.
A person was estimated to have 250 million alveoli in each lung.
What is the estimated gas exchange surface area in m2 for this person?
A 7.5 × 101
B 1.5 × 102
C 7.5 × 107
D 1.5 × 108
Your answer
9 The diagram shows the feet of a chicken embryo and an adult chicken.
Webbing
Embryo Adult
What process ensures that webbing between the toes of the chicken is removed
during development?
A Apoptosis
B Cytokinesis
C Differentiation
D Mitosis
Your answer
© OCR 2025
